WKWebView 是 iOS 8 引入的一个 WebKit API,替换 iOS 的 UIWebView 和 OSX 的 WebView,WKWebView 使用 Nitro JavaScript 引擎,运行 JavaScript 和 Safari 一样快。WKWebView 和 UIWebView 使用上有很多区别,这篇主要介绍代理、标题、进度条展示的区别。
代理
UIWebView 是 delegate: UIWebViewDelegate,WKWebView 使用以下两个代理
- navigationDelegate: WKNavigationDelegate
- UIDelegate: WKUIDelegate
其中 navigationDelegate 代替 UIWebView 中的 delegate,下表是这两个代理方法的对比:
UIWebView | WKWebView |
---|---|
- (NSString *)stringByEvaluatingJavaScriptFromString:(NSString *)script; | - (void)evaluateJavaScript:(NSString *)javaScriptString completionHandler:(void (^ __nullable)(__nullable id, NSError * __nullable error))completionHandler; |
- (void)webViewDidStartLoad:(UIWebView *)webView | - (void)webView:(WKWebView *)webView didCommitNavigation:(null_unspecified WKNavigation *)navigation |
- (void)webViewDidFinishLoad:(UIWebView *)webView | - (void)webView:(WKWebView *)webView didFinishNavigation:(null_unspecified WKNavigation *)navigation |
- (void)webView:(UIWebView *)webView didFailLoadWithError:(NSError *)error | - (void)webView:(WKWebView *)webView didFailNavigation:(null_unspecified WKNavigation *)navigation withError:(NSError *)error |
- (BOOL)webView:(UIWebView *)webView shouldStartLoadWithRequest:(NSURLRequest *)request navigationType:(UIWebViewNavigationType)navigationType | - (void)webView:(WKWebView *)webView decidePolicyForNavigationAction:(WKNavigationAction *)navigationAction decisionHandler:(void (^)(WKNavigationActionPolicy))decisionHandler |
比如,如果要拦截网页请求,UIWebView 使用以下代码:
- (BOOL)webView:(UIWebView *)webView shouldStartLoadWithRequest:(NSURLRequest *)request navigationType:(UIWebViewNavigationType)navigationType {
NSURL *url = request.URL;
NSString *host = [url host];
if ([url.scheme isEqualToString:@"inapp"]) {
/*
* 做一些处理
*/
return NO;
}
return YES;
}
在 WKWebView 中则用以下代码:
- (void)webView:(WKWebView *)webView decidePolicyForNavigationAction:(WKNavigationAction *)navigationAction decisionHandler:(void (^)(WKNavigationActionPolicy))decisionHandler {
NSURL *url = navigationAction.request.URL;
NSString *host = [url host];
if ([url.scheme isEqualToString:@"inapp"]) {
/*
* 做一些处理
*/
decisionHandler(WKNavigationActionPolicyCancel);
} else {
decisionHandler(WKNavigationActionPolicyAllow);
}
}
获取 title
在 UIWebView 中
self.title = [webView stringByEvaluatingJavaScriptFromString:@"document.title"];
而 WKWebView 有 title 属性可直接获取网页标题,可通过 KVO 方式获取网页标题的动态变化。
self.title = webView.title;
estimatedProgress
WKWebView 增加了 estimatedProgress,获取网页加载进度,轻松显示进度条。可通过 KVO 的方式获取 estimatedProgress 的变化。首先在 viewDidLoad 中添加观察者
[self.webView addObserver:self forKeyPath:NSStringFromSelector(@selector(estimatedProgress)) options:NSKeyValueObservingOptionNew context:NULL];
[self.webView addObserver:self forKeyPath:NSStringFromSelector(@selector(title)) options:NSKeyValueObservingOptionNew context:NULL];
KVO 的实现:
- (void)observeValueForKeyPath:(NSString *)keyPath ofObject:(id)object change:(NSDictionary *)change context:(void *)context {
if ([keyPath isEqualToString:NSStringFromSelector(@selector(estimatedProgress))] && object == self.webView) {
NSLog(@"%f", self.webView.estimatedProgress);
// estimatedProgress is a value from 0.0 to 1.0
// Update your UI here accordingly
[self.progressView setAlpha:1.0f];
[self.progressView setProgress:self.webView.estimatedProgress animated:YES];
if(self.webView.estimatedProgress >= 1.0f) {
[UIView animateWithDuration:0.3 delay:0.3 options:UIViewAnimationOptionCurveEaseOut animations:^{
[self.progressView setAlpha:0.0f];
} completion:^(BOOL finished) {
[self.progressView setProgress:0.0f animated:NO];
}];
}
} else if ([keyPath isEqualToString:@"title"]) {
if (object == self.webView) {
self.title = self.webView.title;
} else {
[super observeValueForKeyPath:keyPath ofObject:object change:change context:context];
}
} else {
[super observeValueForKeyPath:keyPath ofObject:object change:change context:context];
}
}
最后,在 dealloc 中移除观察者
- (void)dealloc {
if ([self isViewLoaded]) {
[self.webView removeObserver:self forKeyPath:NSStringFromSelector(@selector(estimatedProgress))];
[self.webView removeObserver:self forKeyPath:NSStringFromSelector(@selector(title))];
}
[self.webView setNavigationDelegate:nil];
}
WKWebView 还增加了 Message Handlers,用于和网页的JS交互,不需要处理复杂的evaluateJavaScript
。例如:
class NotificationScriptMessageHandler: NSObject, WKScriptMessageHandler {
func userContentController(userContentController: WKUserContentController, didReceiveScriptMessage message: WKScriptMessage!) {
print(message.body)
}
}
let userContentController = WKUserContentController()
let handler = NotificationScriptMessageHandler()
userContentController.addScriptMessageHandler(handler, name: "notification")
则 JavaScript 端可通过以下代码即可调用原生的代码:
window.webkit.messageHandlers.notification.postMessage({body: "..."});
详情参考 NSHipster 这篇 WKWebView