忙的忘记还有这个坑没有填。。。
Learning and earning
慕课的回归
These are still early days. Coursera does not give out figures on its paying learners; Udacity says it has 13,000 people doing its nanodegrees. Whatever the arithmetic, the reinvented MOOCs matter because they are solving two problems they share with every provider of later-life education.
现在还处于发展的早期阶段。Coursera 并没有公布付费用户的数据；Udacity 声称有 13000 用户正在参与它的微学位课程。不管这些数据如何，正是由于重新回归的慕课正在解决所有“后人生”教育提供者所面对的两个问题使得其变得更加重要。
The first of these is the cost of learning, not just in money but also in time. Formal education rests on the idea of qualifications that take a set period to complete. In America the entrenched notion of“seat time”, the amount of time that students spend with school teachers or university professors, dates back to Andrew Carnegie. It was originally intended as an eligibility requirement for teachers to draw a pension from the industrialist’s nascent pension scheme for college faculty. Students in their early 20s can more easily afford a lengthy time commitment because they are less likely to have other responsibilities. Although millions of people do manage part-time or distance learning in later life—one-third of all working students currently enrolled in America are 30-54 years old, according to the Georgetown University Centre on Education and the Workforce—balancing learning,working and family life can cause enormous pressures.
第一个问题是学习成本问题，不仅仅是金钱还有时间。正式教育立足于时间带来质量的理念。在美国有可以追溯到 Andrew Carnegie 的一个根深蒂固的观念“座位时间”，也就是学生和老师或者大学教授在一起的时间。最开始这个概念来自于在企业家在学校推行新兴的养老金计划时，针对想要取得养老金的老师所设置的一个前提条件。那些 20 出头的学生由于没有什么其他的事情，因此可以更加方便的拿出大量时间来进行学习。尽管有数以百万计的人通过业余时间或者远程教育来进行后续学习，依据 Georgetown University Centre on Education and the Workforce 的数据大约三分之一的注册学习的学生年龄在 30-54 之间，平衡学习、工作以及家庭压力巨大。
Moreover, the world of work increasingly demands a quick response from the education system to provide people with the desired qualifications. To take one example from Burning Glass, in 2014 just under 50,000 American job-vacancy ads asked for a CISSP cyber-security certificate. Since only 65,000 people in America hold such a certificate and it takes five years of experience to earn one, that requirement will be hard to meet. Less demanding professions also put up huge barriers to entry. If you want to become a licensed cosmetologist in New Hampshire, you will need to have racked up 1,500 hours of training.
同时，劳动市场越来越要求教育系统能够更快的向市场提供符合需求的劳动力。以 Burning Glass 为例，在2014 年大约有不足 5000 个针对拥有 CISSP 网络安全认证的招聘广告。由于在美国只有 65000 人拥有此种认证，以及需要 5 年的工作经验才能获得此种认证，这种招聘需求几乎不能实现。需求更低的岗位同样设立了巨大的准入门槛。如果你想在 New Hampshire 当一名认证的美容师，你需要积累 1500 小时的培训时间。
