Mac 备忘录1
Mac 基本软件
- 打开终端，下载homebrew
- 用homebrew下载iterm
- 在iterm上，用homebrew下载zsh, 并配置
- 接着下载Python，subliemtext, vscode, git等编程必备软件
- 下载typora, evernote等效率工具
Python 配置
新建Programming文件夹
在下面新建Python/mywork等路径，配置Path。
Mac 备忘录2
[TOC]
Shell
创建 sh 文件:
- create a path,
~/mysh; - new a file under the path, and write the codes
# ~/.bash_profile
export PATH=/Users/william/mysh:$PATH #dd mysh where I save .sh files
- run the file, for example
test.sh (chmod +x ./mysh/openpy.sh)
建立 link
ln -s /usr/local/lib/ruby/gems/2.5.0/gems/jekyll-3.8.5/exe/jekyll /usr/local/bin/jekyll
安装 asymptote（Mac）
cd ~/Desktop
tar -xvzf asymptote-x.xx.src.tgz
cd asymptote-x.xx
curl -O http://www.hpl.hp.com/personal/Hans_Boehm/gc/gc_source/gc-7.1.tar.gz
./configure
make all
sudo make install
配置 asy (Mac)
place config.asy in '%USERPROFILE%/.asy/'
import settings;
// outformat="eps";
//batchView=false;
//interactiveView=true;
//batchMask=false;
//interactiveMask=true;
home = "/Users/william/";
dir = home + "Folders/asymptote/mywork";
改变 screencapture 类型
defaults write com.apple.screencapture type jpg
defaults write com.apple.screencapture location ~/Pictures/
mac terminal 颜色设置
打开 .bash_profile并编辑
export CLICOLOR=1
export LSCOLORS=1212121212121212121212
1对应前景色，2对应背景色。共有11组:
- directory
- symbolic link
- socket
- pipe
- executable (可执行文件，x权限)
- block special
- character special
- executable with setuid bit set (setuid=Set User ID，属主身份)
- executable without setgid bit set
- directory writable to others, with sticky bit
- directory writable to others, without sticky bit
字母代表的颜色如下：
a black
b red
c green
d brown
e blue
f magenta
g cyan
h light grey
A bold black, usually shows up as dark grey
B bold red
C bold green
D bold brown, usually shows up as yellow
E bold blue
F bold magenta
G bold cyan
H bold light grey; looks like bright white
x default foreground or background
建立.开头的文件夹(隐藏文件夹)
mkdir .asy
open . # open Finder
tex 命令
texhash # update the packages of tex
texdoc ctex # document of ctex
7z压缩命令
# 7z a -t7z destination source
7z a -t7z folder.7z /Users/william/Teaching/毕业论文/folder
Mac 编译 C
touch Hello.c
# edit Hello.c
gcc (g++) Hello.c # compile Hello.c to *.out
path/*.out # execute
绘制 uml 图
pyreverse -ASmy -o png ~/Python/mywork/fcool.py
APP 安全性设置
sudo spctl --master-disable
sudo spctl --master-enable
系统服务管理
brew services # == systemctl in Linux
# https://www.jianshu.com/p/90939b788004
启动 MongoDB
brew services start mongodb //现在和开机自启动mongo的话使用命令:
mongod --config /usr/local/etc/mongod.conf //不在后台启动mongo服务器使用
brew services stop mongodb // 关闭MongoDB
启动MySQL
brew services start mysql
mysql.service start
sudo mysql
导入shell文件
source path/to/file.sh
设置 env 下载Python第三方库（需要gcc）
env ARCHFLAGS="-arch x86_64" pip3 install --upgrade regex
查ip地址
ifconfig
en0 以太网地址
ssh
# 解决 SSH Permission denied 错误
sudo systemsetup -f -setremotelogin on
selfcontrol.app
selfcontrol 配置/查看/调用
defaults write org.eyebeam.SelfControl BlockDuration -int 1440
defaults write org.eyebeam.SelfControl HostBlacklist -array facebook.com news.ycombinator.com
defaults read org.eyebeam.SelfControl
sudo /Applications/SelfControl.app/Contents/MacOS/org.eyebeam.SelfControl $(id -u $(whoami)) --install
defaults write org.eyebeam.SelfControl MaxBlockLength -int 43200
defaults delete org.eyebeam.SelfControl
curl
curl命令出现：
curl: (7) Failed to connect to 127.0.0.1 port 1086: Connection refused
~/.curlrc (curl配置文件)
socks5 = "127.0.0.1:1086"注释掉就好了。
调用 printer
lpr -P printer_name file_name.txt
# printer_name: the name of the printer you use on your system.
# file_name.txt: the name of the text file used for printing.
lpq
lprm
lpstat
电脑盒盖省电
pmset -g
sudo pmset -a hibernatemode 25
sudo pmset -b tcpkeepalive 0 # 盒盖断网
扩展属性
ls -l
// drwxr-xr-x@ //显示扩展属性
// 清除扩展属性
xattr -c fiename
xattr -rc directory
wifi
airport -s
airport en0 sniff 6 //抓包
aircrack-ng /tmp/airportSniff8g0Oex.cap //破解
aircrack-ng -w dict.txt -b bc:46:99:df:6c:72 /tmp/airportSniffdaMCjH.cap
expect: input password automatically
#!/usr/bin/expect
set timeout 3
...
expect "password:"
send "******\n"
interact
小技巧
输出到应用程序
open test.txt
ls -la | open -f
ls -la | open -f -a TextMate
ls -la | pbcopy
剪贴板内容pbpaste > test.txt
Python
uninstall python
delete /Library/Frameworks/Python.framework
delete symlink under /usr/local/bin/ of python
run python3 defaultly
alias python=/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.5/bin/python3.5
idle configuration
目录：~\.idlerc\config-*.cfg (Windows 7下路径为：C:\Users\<用户名>\.idlerc\)
设置为可执行文件
script.py 第一行为 #!/usr/bin/env python
chmod u+x script.py
pip
pip install -r requirement.txt
# cd 到项目目录，生成requirements.txt
pip freeze > requirements.txt
pip install -i https://pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/simple <package> # 加速，清华源
# 豆瓣源
-i https://pypi.doubanio.com/simple/
配置：
# mkdir ~/.pip
# vim ~/.pip/pip.conf
# 阿里源
[global]
index-url = http://mirrors.aliyun.com/pypi/simple/
trusted-host = mirrors.aliyun.com
# 豆瓣源
[global]
index-url = http://pypi.douban.com/simple
trusted-host = pypi.douban.com
youtube-dl
--no-check-certificate # option for Youtube - ssl: certificate_verify_failed
nltk 下载时 ssl错误
先执行再下载
/Applications/Python 3.6/Install Certificates.command
自定义搜索路径
from nltk import data
data.path.append(r"~/Programming/")
matplotlib 字体
在文件matplotlib/mpl-data/matplotlibrc中设置
font.family : sans-serif
font.sans-serif : SimHei, DejaVu Sans, Bitstream Vera Sans, Computer Modern Sans Serif, Lucida Grande, Verdana, Geneva, Lucid, Arial, Helvetica, Avant Garde, sans-serif
将字体SimHei拷贝到fonts/ttf子文件夹中。
必要时重新加载
from matplotlib.font_manager import _rebuild
_rebuild()
install rpy2
使用homebrew安装的gcc
pdb
脚本
import pdb
pdb.run('...')
命令行
python -m pdb ...
install pygraphviz
设置 --install-option
version=2.44.1
pip install pygraphviz --install-option="--include-path=/usr/local/Cellar/graphviz/${version}/include" --install-option="--library-path=/usr/local/Cellar/graphviz/${version}/lib"
pyqt
- qt-creator 创建UI
- pyuic5 转换: .ui -> .py
- 编辑.py
生成二维码
myqr https://github.com -p bear.png -c
Homebrew
Homebrew 加速
清华源
git -C "$(brew --repo)" remote set-url origin https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/git/homebrew/brew.git
git -C "$(brew --repo homebrew/core)" remote set-url origin https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/git/homebrew/homebrew-core.git
git -C "$(brew --repo homebrew/cask)" remote set-url origin https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/git/homebrew/homebrew-cask.git
brew update
复原
git -C "$(brew --repo)" remote set-url origin https://github.com/Homebrew/brew.git
git -C "$(brew --repo homebrew/core)" remote set-url origin https://github.com/Homebrew/homebrew-core.git
git -C "$(brew --repo homebrew/cask)" remote set-url origin https://github.com/Homebrew/homebrew-cask.git
brew update
其他源
cd "$(brew --repo)"
//中科大镜像源
git remote set-url origin http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/homebrew.git
//coding.net
git remote set-url origin https://git.coding.net/homebrew/homebrew.git
// homebrew-core
cd "$(brew --repo)/Library/Taps/homebrew/homebrew-core"
git remote set-url origin https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/homebrew-core.git
cd $home && brew update
// 官方源 https://github.com/Homebrew/brew.git
//homebrew-bottles
HOMEBREW_BOTTLE_DOMAIN=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/homebrew/homebrew-bottles
brew 系统服务
brew services
Hot key
shift input method
ctrl + whitespace
cut screen
shift+cmd+4
Ctrl + L # clear the screen
Swift
swift package generate-xcodeproj
使用
首先，创建
$ cd ~/Desktop
$ mkdir helloSwiftPM
$ cd helloSwiftPM
然后
swift build --init
swift build
# 运行
.build/debug/helloSwiftPM
Hello, world!
Lua
添加搜索路径
package.path = "/Users/William/Programming/Lua/?.lua"
require "mmcut"
R
安装第三方
install.packages('package_name')
detach("package:tseries", unload=TRUE) # 卸载
# 修改默认安装目录
myPaths <- .libPaths() # get the paths
myPaths <- c(myPaths[2], myPaths) # switch them
.libPaths(myPaths) # reassign them
加载
library(randomForest) # 加载randomForest
library('randomForest') # 或者
p<-'randomForest'
library(p) #报错
library(p,character.only=T) #正常加载randomForest
其他
installed.packages() # 查看包
update.packages() # 更新包
.libPaths() # 包安装路径；设置环境变量R_LIBS
Sys.setenv(LANGUAGE = "en") # R改成英文
SublimeText
设置自动补全
“auto_complete_selector”: “source, text”,
第三方登录网易邮箱
打开网页设置
http://config.mail.163.com/settings/imap/index.jsp?uid=YOUR_EMAIL_NAME@163.com
Matlab
Matlab 启动路径
userpath('/Users/william/Programming/MATLAB')
Erlang
编译
erlc filename.erl # filename.beam
运行
filename.erl 首行
#!/usr/bin/env escript
$ filename.erl
导入
c(filename)
Go
包管理
GOPATH
内部或外部包都在目录$GOPATH/src
go get也会安装到这个目录
import package 就会在这个目录下查找
MySQL
my.cnf位置
/etc/my.cnf /etc/mysql/my.cnf /usr/local/mysql/etc/my.cnf ~/.my.cnf
/usr/local/etc/my.cnf (由Homebrew安装)
解决pymysql 1045Error
输入mysql -hlocalhost -uroot -p，回车输入密码，连接mysql
输入ALTER USER 'root'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED WITH mysql_native_password BY
Sublime Text
Sublime Text 使用 login shell 获得 environment variables. 默认login shell 是 zsh 不是 bash, 使用 .zprofile配置.
Ruby
包/库搜索路径设置
export RUBYLIB=...
Latex
beamer
latex beamer 插入代码
在beamer中使用 listings 输出源代码时遇到如下错误：
Runaway argument?
! Paragraph ended before \lst@next was complete.
<to be read again>
\par
l.68 \end{frame}
?
应在有listings环境的frame加入fragile参数：
\begin{frame}[fragile]\frametitle{Your title}
...
\end{frame}
VSCODE
遇到import error, 正确设置左下方的Python解析器
