柱状图的组成部分 : 矩形,x轴,y轴,比例尺,数据

• 可改变x轴,y轴样式
• 可改变数值样式
• 带鼠标事件

最终实现效果

柱状图.png

//html部分
  <svg><svg>


//css部分
 .axis path,.axis line{
    fill: none;
    stroke: red;
    stroke-width: 3px;
    shape-rendering: crispEdges;
  }

   .axis text{
      font-family: sans-serif;
      font-size:14px;
      stroke:aqua;
   }


    //js部分

    const dataset = [
      {"text":"iphone4","value":200},
      {"text":"iphone5","value":300},
      {"text":"iphone6","value":500},
      {"text":"iphone7","value":100},
      {"text":"iphone8","value":120},
      ]
    const svgWidth = 400
    const svgHeight = 400
    const padding = {top:20,bottom:20,left:40,right:40}

    //1.绘制画布
    const svg = d3.select("svg")
                  .attr("width",svgWidth)
                  .attr("height",svgHeight)
      
    //2.设置比例尺
    const xdate = []
    const ydate = []
    const xAxisLength = svgWidth-padding.left-padding.right
    const yAxisLength = svgHeight-padding.top-padding.bottom
    for( let i of dataset){
        xdate.push(i.text)
        ydate.push(i.value)
    }
    const xScale = d3.scaleBand()  // x轴的对应关系 : ["iphone4","iphone5","iphone6","iphone7","iphone8"] <----->[0,xAxisLength] 应使用 序数段比例尺d3.scaleBand()
                    .domain(xdate)
                    .range([0,xAxisLength])
    
    const yScale = d3.scaleLinear()  // y轴的对应关系 : [0,d3.max(ydate)] <----->[yAxisLength, 0] 应使用 线数比例尺d3.scaleLinear()
                    .domain([0,d3.max(ydate)])
                    .range([yAxisLength,0])

    const _yScale = d3.scaleLinear()
                    .domain([0,d3.max(ydate)])
                    .range([0,yAxisLength])

      
    //3.绘制矩形
    const rectGap = 20
    const rect = svg.selectAll("rect")
        .data(dataset)
        .enter()
        .append("rect")
        .attr("x",(d,i)=>{
          return xScale.bandwidth() * i + rectGap/2
        })
        .attr("y",(d,i)=>{
          return yScale(d.value)
        })
        .attr("width",xScale.bandwidth()-rectGap)
        .attr("height",(d,i)=>{
            return _yScale(d.value)
        })
        .attr("transform", "translate(" + padding.left + "," + padding.top + ")")
        .attr("fill","red")

    //4.展示数据
    svg.selectAll('text')
      .data(dataset)
      .enter()
      .append('text')
      .attr("transform", "translate(" + padding.left + "," + padding.top + ")")
      .attr("text-anchor", "middle")
      .attr('x', (d, i) => {
        return xScale.bandwidth() * i + rectGap/2
      })
      .attr('y', (d, i) => {
        return yScale(d.value)
      })
      .attr("dx", function() {
        return (xScale.bandwidth() - rectGap)/2;
      })
      .attr("dy", 20)
      .attr("stroke","blue")
      .text((d) => d.value)

    //5.绘制坐标轴
    const xAxis = d3.axisBottom(xScale)
    const yAxis = d3.axisLeft(yScale)
    svg.append("g").attr("transform", "translate(" + padding.left + ", " + (svgHeight-padding.top) + ")")
                    .attr("class","axis")
                    .call(xAxis)
    svg.append("g").attr("transform", "translate(" + padding.left + ", " + padding.top + ")")
                    .attr("class","axis")
                    .call(yAxis)


    //6.鼠标事件
    svg.selectAll('rect')
      .on("mouseover",function(d,i){
        d3.select(this)
          .transition()
          .duration(100)
          .attr("fill","yellow")
      })
      .on("mouseout",function(d,i){
        d3.select(this)
          .transition()
          .duration(500)
          .attr("fill","red")
      })