Ceph分布式存储学习文档
① Ceph分布式存储系统简介
 ② Ceph版本选择与安装
 ③ Ceph—RBD块设备介绍与创建
 ④ CephFs文件系统
 ⑤ Ceph Dashboard界面介绍与安装
 ⑥ prometheus+grafana监控Ceph集群
 ⑦ Ceph日常运维管理命令

一、PV、PVC概述

管理存储是管理计算的一个明显问题。PersistentVolume子系统为用户和管理员提供了一个API，用于抽象如何根据消费方式提供存储的详细信息。于是引入了两个新的API资源：PersistentVolume和PersistentVolumeClaim

PersistentVolume（PV）是集群中已由管理员配置的一段网络存储。集群中的资源就像一个节点是一个集群资源。 PV是诸如卷之类的卷插件，但是具有独立于使用PV的任何单个pod的生命周期。该API对象包含存储的实现细节，即NFS，iSCSI或云提供商特定的存储系统。

PersistentVolumeClaim（PVC）是用户存储的请求。它类似于pod。Pod消耗节点资源，PVC消耗存储资源。 pod可以请求特定级别的资源（CPU和内存）。权限要求可以请求特定的大小和访问模式。

虽然PersistentVolumeClaims允许用户使用抽象存储资源，但是常见的是，用户需要具有不同属性（如性能）的PersistentVolumes，用于不同的问题。管理员需要能够提供多种不同于PersistentVolumes，而不仅仅是大小和访问模式，而不会使用户了解这些卷的实现细节。对于这些需求，存在StorageClass资源。

StorageClass为集群提供了一种描述他们提供的存储的“类”的方法。不同的类可能映射到服务质量级别，或备份策略，或者由群集管理员确定的任意策略。 Kubernetes本身对于什么类别代表是不言而喻的。这个概念有时在其他存储系统中称为“配置文件”

二、POD动态供给

动态供给主要是能够自动帮你创建pv，需要多大的空间就创建多大的pv。k8s帮助创建pv，创建pvc就直接api调用存储类来寻找pv。

如果是存储静态供给的话，会需要我们手动去创建pv，如果没有足够的资源，找不到合适的pv，那么pod就会处于pending等待的状态。而动态供给主要的一个实现就是StorageClass存储对象，其实它就是声明你使用哪个存储，然后帮你去连接，再帮你去自动创建pv。

三、POD使用RBD做为持久数据卷

安装与配置

RBD支持ReadWriteOnce，ReadOnlyMany两种模式
1、配置rbd-provisioner

cat >external-storage-rbd-provisioner.yaml<<EOF
apiVersion: v1
kind: ServiceAccount
metadata:
  name: rbd-provisioner
  namespace: kube-system
---
kind: ClusterRole
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
metadata:
  name: rbd-provisioner
rules:
  - apiGroups: [""]
    resources: ["persistentvolumes"]
    verbs: ["get", "list", "watch", "create", "delete"]
  - apiGroups: [""]
    resources: ["persistentvolumeclaims"]
    verbs: ["get", "list", "watch", "update"]
  - apiGroups: ["storage.k8s.io"]
    resources: ["storageclasses"]
    verbs: ["get", "list", "watch"]
  - apiGroups: [""]
    resources: ["events"]
    verbs: ["create", "update", "patch"]
  - apiGroups: [""]
    resources: ["endpoints"]
    verbs: ["get", "list", "watch", "create", "update", "patch"]
  - apiGroups: [""]
    resources: ["services"]
    resourceNames: ["kube-dns"]
    verbs: ["list", "get"]
---
kind: ClusterRoleBinding
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
metadata:
  name: rbd-provisioner
subjects:
  - kind: ServiceAccount
    name: rbd-provisioner
    namespace: kube-system
roleRef:
  kind: ClusterRole
  name: rbd-provisioner
  apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io

---
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
kind: Role
metadata:
  name: rbd-provisioner
  namespace: kube-system
rules:
- apiGroups: [""]
  resources: ["secrets"]
  verbs: ["get"]
---
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
kind: RoleBinding
metadata:
  name: rbd-provisioner
  namespace: kube-system
roleRef:
  apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
  kind: Role
  name: rbd-provisioner
subjects:
- kind: ServiceAccount
  name: rbd-provisioner
  namespace: kube-system

---
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
  name: rbd-provisioner
  namespace: kube-system
spec:
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      app: rbd-provisioner
  replicas: 1
  strategy:
    type: Recreate
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        app: rbd-provisioner
    spec:
      containers:
      - name: rbd-provisioner
        image: quay.io/external_storage/rbd-provisioner:latest
        env:
        - name: PROVISIONER_NAME
          value: ceph.com/rbd
      serviceAccount: rbd-provisioner
EOF
kubectl apply -f external-storage-rbd-provisioner.yaml

2、配置storageclass

#1、创建pod时，kubelet需要使用rbd命令去检测和挂载pv对应的ceph image，所以要在所有的worker节点安装ceph客户端ceph-common。将ceph的ceph.client.admin.keyring和ceph.conf文件拷贝到master的/etc/ceph目录下
## 推送文件到master节点：
scp -rp ceph.client.admin.keyring ceph.conf root@192.168.0.10:/etc/ceph/
## 在k8s集群每个节点安装(下载ceph的源)
yum -y install ceph-common

#2、创建 osd pool 在ceph的mon或者admin节点
ceph osd pool create kube 16 16 

[root@k8s-master ceph]# ceph osd lspools
1 .rgw.root
2 default.rgw.control
3 default.rgw.meta
4 default.rgw.log
5 rbd
6 kube
7 cephfs-data
8 cephfs-metadata

#3、创建k8s访问ceph的用户 在ceph的mon或者admin节点
ceph auth get-or-create client.kube mon 'allow r' osd 'allow class-read object_prefix rbd_children, allow rwx pool=kube' -o ceph.client.kube.keyring

#4、查看key 在ceph的mon或者admin节点和kube用户
ceph auth get-key client.admin
    AQBQhrJeRHJmLxAATSxU4vjf79KgJpVkNb+VsQ==
ceph auth get-key client.kube
    AQCQqztfSQNWFxAAdBmLqhJ/thboY0vGcZ7ixQ==

#5、创建 admin secret(使用admin的key)
kubectl create secret generic ceph-secret --type="kubernetes.io/rbd" \
--from-literal=key=AQBQhrJeRHJmLxAATSxU4vjf79KgJpVkNb+VsQ== \
--namespace=kube-system

#6、在 default 命名空间创建pvc用于访问ceph的 secret(使用kube用户的key)
kubectl create secret generic ceph-user-secret --type="kubernetes.io/rbd" \
--from-literal=key=AQCQqztfSQNWFxAAdBmLqhJ/thboY0vGcZ7ixQ== \
--namespace=default

[root@k8s-master ceph]# kubectl get secret
NAME                                 TYPE                                  DATA   AGE
ceph-user-secret                     kubernetes.io/rbd                     1      30s

3、配置StorageClass

cat >storageclass-ceph-rdb.yaml<<EOF
kind: StorageClass
apiVersion: storage.k8s.io/v1
metadata:
  name: dynamic-ceph-rdb
provisioner: ceph.com/rbd
parameters:
  monitors: 192.168.0.6:6789,192.168.0.7:6789,192.168.0.8:6789
  adminId: admin
  adminSecretName: ceph-secret
  adminSecretNamespace: kube-system
  pool: kube
  userId: kube
  userSecretName: ceph-user-secret
  fsType: ext4
  imageFormat: "2"
  imageFeatures: "layering"
EOF

4、创建yaml

kubectl apply -f storageclass-ceph-rdb.yaml

5、查看sc

[root@k8s-master ceph]# kubectl get sc
NAME                  PROVISIONER      RECLAIMPOLICY   VOLUMEBINDINGMODE   ALLOWVOLUMEEXPANSION   AGE
dynamic-ceph-rdb      ceph.com/rbd     Delete          Immediate           false                  11s

测试使用

1、创建pvc测试

cat >ceph-rdb-pvc-test.yaml<<EOF
kind: PersistentVolumeClaim
apiVersion: v1
metadata:
  name: ceph-rdb-claim
spec:
  accessModes:     
    - ReadWriteOnce
  storageClassName: dynamic-ceph-rdb
  resources:
    requests:
      storage: 2Gi
EOF

kubectl apply -f ceph-rdb-pvc-test.yaml

2、查看

[root@k8s-master ceph]# kubectl get pvc
NAME             STATUS   VOLUME                                     CAPACITY   ACCESS MODES   STORAGECLASS       AGE
ceph-rdb-claim   Bound    pvc-214e462d-8da7-4234-ac68-3222900dd176   2Gi        RWO            dynamic-ceph-rdb   40s

[root@k8s-master ceph]# kubectl get pv
NAME                                       CAPACITY   ACCESS MODES   RECLAIM POLICY   STATUS   CLAIM                                      STORAGECLASS          REASON   AGE
pvc-214e462d-8da7-4234-ac68-3222900dd176   2Gi        RWO            Delete           Bound    default/ceph-rdb-claim                     dynamic-ceph-rdb               10s

3、创建 nginx pod 挂载测试

cat >nginx-pod.yaml<<EOF
apiVersion: v1
kind: Pod
metadata:
  name: nginx-pod1
  labels:
    name: nginx-pod1
spec:
  containers:
  - name: nginx-pod1
    image: nginx
    ports:
    - name: web
      containerPort: 80
    volumeMounts:
    - name: ceph-rdb
      mountPath: /usr/share/nginx/html
  volumes:
  - name: ceph-rdb
    persistentVolumeClaim:
      claimName: ceph-rdb-claim
EOF

4、查看

[root@k8s-master ceph]# kubectl get pod 
NAME                                     READY   STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE
nginx-pod1                               1/1     Running   0          39s

#pod的IP为10.244.58.252

5、修改文件内容

kubectl exec -it nginx-pod1 -- /bin/sh -c 'echo this is from Ceph RBD!!! > /usr/share/nginx/html/index.html'

6、访问测试

[root@k8s-master ceph]# curl http://10.244.58.252
this is from Ceph RBD!!!

#查看rbd块设备的数据
[root@k8s-master ceph]# rados -p kube ls --all
    rbd_data.67b206b8b4567.0000000000000102
    rbd_data.67b206b8b4567.00000000000000a0
    rbd_data.67b206b8b4567.000000000000010b
    rbd_data.67b206b8b4567.0000000000000100
    rbd_id.image02_clone01
    rbd_id.kubernetes-dynamic-pvc-5fd1042a-e13e-11ea-9abe-1edcc60c1557
    ...

7、清理

kubectl delete -f nginx-pod.yaml
kubectl delete -f ceph-rdb-pvc-test.yaml

#rbd块中已经清除了
[root@k8s-master ceph]# rados -p kube ls --all
    rbd_id.image02_clone01
    rbd_header.2828baf9d30c7
    rbd_directory
    rbd_children
    rbd_info
    rbd_object_map.2828baf9d30c7

四、POD使用CephFS做为持久数据卷

CephFS方式支持k8s的pv的3种访问模式ReadWriteOnce，ReadOnlyMany ，ReadWriteMany

Ceph端创建CephFS pool

1、如下操作在ceph的mon或者admin节点
CephFS需要使用两个Pool来分别存储数据和元数据

ceph osd pool create fs_data 128
ceph osd pool create fs_metadata 128
ceph osd lspools

2、创建一个CephFS

ceph fs new cephfs fs_metadata fs_data

3、查看

ceph fs ls

部署 cephfs-provisioner

1、使用社区提供的cephfs-provisioner

cat >external-storage-cephfs-provisioner.yaml<<EOF
apiVersion: v1
kind: ServiceAccount
metadata:
  name: cephfs-provisioner
  namespace: kube-system
---
kind: ClusterRole
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
metadata:
  name: cephfs-provisioner
rules:
  - apiGroups: [""]
    resources: ["persistentvolumes"]
    verbs: ["get", "list", "watch", "create", "delete"]
  - apiGroups: [""]
    resources: ["persistentvolumeclaims"]
    verbs: ["get", "list", "watch", "update"]
  - apiGroups: ["storage.k8s.io"]
    resources: ["storageclasses"]
    verbs: ["get", "list", "watch"]
  - apiGroups: [""]
    resources: ["events"]
    verbs: ["create", "update", "patch"]
  - apiGroups: [""]
    resources: ["endpoints"]
    verbs: ["get", "list", "watch", "create", "update", "patch"]
  - apiGroups: [""]
    resources: ["secrets"]
    verbs: ["create", "get", "delete"]
---
kind: ClusterRoleBinding
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
metadata:
  name: cephfs-provisioner
subjects:
  - kind: ServiceAccount
    name: cephfs-provisioner
    namespace: kube-system
roleRef:
  kind: ClusterRole
  name: cephfs-provisioner
  apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io

---
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
kind: Role
metadata:
  name: cephfs-provisioner
  namespace: kube-system
rules:
  - apiGroups: [""]
    resources: ["secrets"]
    verbs: ["create", "get", "delete"]
---
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
kind: RoleBinding
metadata:
  name: cephfs-provisioner
  namespace: kube-system
roleRef:
  apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
  kind: Role
  name: cephfs-provisioner
subjects:
- kind: ServiceAccount
  name: cephfs-provisioner
  namespace: kube-system

---
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
  name: cephfs-provisioner
  namespace: kube-system
spec:
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      app: cephfs-provisioner
  replicas: 1
  strategy:
    type: Recreate
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        app: cephfs-provisioner
    spec:
      containers:
      - name: cephfs-provisioner
        image: "quay.io/external_storage/cephfs-provisioner:latest"
        env:
        - name: PROVISIONER_NAME
          value: ceph.com/cephfs
        command:
        - "/usr/local/bin/cephfs-provisioner"
        args:
        - "-id=cephfs-provisioner-1"
      serviceAccount: cephfs-provisioner
EOF
kubectl apply -f external-storage-cephfs-provisioner.yaml

2、查看状态等待running之后再进行后续的操作

kubectl get pod -n kube-system

配置 storageclass

1、查看key 在ceph的mon或者admin节点

ceph auth get-key client.admin

2、创建 admin secret

#上一案例已创建了则不用再次执行
kubectl create secret generic ceph-secret --type="kubernetes.io/rbd" \
--from-literal=key=AQBQhrJeRHJmLxAATSxU4vjf79KgJpVkNb+VsQ== \
--namespace=kube-system

---
apiVersion: v1
kind: Secret
metadata:
  name: ceph-secret-admin 
  namespace: kube-system
type: "kubernetes.io/rbd"
data:
  # ceph auth get-key client.admin | base64
  key: QVFDckJ3dGVBSTdUT2hBQXpGZ1JaTzBNSy9kYTJBRm41RWRkcUE9PQ==

3、查看 secret

kubectl get secret ceph-secret -n kube-system -o yaml

4、配置 StorageClass

cat >storageclass-cephfs.yaml<<EOF
kind: StorageClass
apiVersion: storage.k8s.io/v1
metadata:
  name: dynamic-cephfs
provisioner: ceph.com/cephfs
parameters:
    monitors: 192.168.0.6:6789,192.168.0.7:6789,192.168.0.8:6789
    adminId: admin
    adminSecretName: ceph-secret
    adminSecretNamespace: "kube-system"
    claimRoot: /volumes/kubernetes
EOF

5、创建

kubectl apply -f storageclass-cephfs.yaml

6、查看

kubectl get sc

测试使用

1、创建pvc测试

cat >cephfs-pvc-test.yaml<<EOF
kind: PersistentVolumeClaim
apiVersion: v1
metadata:
  name: cephfs-claim
spec:
  accessModes:     
    - ReadWriteMany
  storageClassName: dynamic-cephfs
  resources:
    requests:
      storage: 2Gi
EOF
kubectl apply -f cephfs-pvc-test.yaml

2、查看

kubectl get pvc
kubectl get pv

3、创建 nginx pod 挂载测试

cat >nginx-pod.yaml<<EOF
apiVersion: v1
kind: Pod
metadata:
  name: nginx-pod2
  labels:
    name: nginx-pod2
spec:
  containers:
  - name: nginx-pod2
    image: nginx
    ports:
    - name: web
      containerPort: 80
    volumeMounts:
    - name: cephfs
      mountPath: /usr/share/nginx/html
  volumes:
  - name: cephfs
    persistentVolumeClaim:
      claimName: cephfs-claim
EOF
kubectl apply -f nginx-pod.yaml

4、查看

kubectl get pods -o wide

5、修改文件内容

kubectl exec -it nginx-pod2 -- /bin/sh -c 'echo This is from CephFS!!! > /usr/share/nginx/html/index.html'

6、访问pod测试

[root@k8s-master fs]# curl 10.244.58.198
This is from CephFS!!!

7、清理

kubectl delete -f nginx-pod.yaml
kubectl delete -f cephfs-pvc-test.yaml

grafana图表状态

CephFS支持·ReadWriteOnce、ReadOnlyMany和ReadWriteMany，可以允许多POD同时读写，适用于数据共享场景；
Ceph RBD 只支持ReadWriteOnce和ReadOnlyMany，允许多POD同时读，适用于状态应用资源隔离场景。

参考文章1：https://blog.51cto.com/juestnow/2408267
参考文章2：https://blog.51cto.com/ygqygq2/2163656

⑤ K8s使用Ceph作为存储、监控、日常运维管理

⑤ K8s使用Ceph作为存储、监控、日常运维管理

一、PV、PVC概述

二、POD动态供给

三、POD使用RBD做为持久数据卷

安装与配置

测试使用

四、POD使用CephFS做为持久数据卷

Ceph端创建CephFS pool

部署 cephfs-provisioner

配置 storageclass

测试使用