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The Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Immune Contexture. A Major Determinant of Tumor Characteristics and Patient Outcome. 2015

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Figure 1. The immune contexture of non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). The immune microenvironment of lung tumors is composed of T cells, B cells, natural killer (NK) cells, mature and immature dendritic cells (DCs), tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs), neutrophils, and mast cells. The great majority of immune cells are found at the interface between the tumor and the normal tissue, and some of them are organized in tertiary lymphoid structures (TLSs). The latter are considered a gateway for the entrance of immune cells from the blood to the tumor (via peripheral node addressin–expressing high endothelial venules [HEVs]). This process is highly regulated through chemokine/chemokine receptors, interleukins, integrins, and adhesion molecule expression or secretion. Ab = antibody; B = B cell; FDC = follicular dendritic cell; M = mast cell; mB = memory B cell; mDC = mature dendritic cell; N = neutrophil; PC = plasma cell; T = T cell; TAAs = tumor-associated antigens; TFH = follicular helper T cell.

The Role of Tumor-Infiltrating Lymphocytes in Development, Progression, and Prognosis of Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer. 2016

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Figure 2. The immune contexture in non–small cell lung cancer includes the tumor core, invasive margin, tertiary lymphoid
structures (TLSs), and tumor microenvironment, as well as the distribution of various immune cells. The immune microenvironment in lung tumors comprises T cells (T), B cells (B), natural killer cells (NK), mature (mDCs) and immature dendritic cells (follicular dendritic cells [FDCs]), tumor-associated macrophages [TAMs, type 2 (M2)], myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs), neutrophils (N1, antitumorigenic; N2, protumorigenic), and mast cells (M). The great majority of immune cells are found at the interface between the tumor and the normal tissue (invasive margin), and some are organized into tertiary TLSs. The latter are considered a gateway for the entrance of immune cells from the blood to the tumor (by means of peripheral node addressin–expressing high endothelial venules [HEVs]). This process is highly regulated through chemokine/chemokine receptors, interleukins, integrins, and adhesion molecule expression or secretion. Ab, antibody; TAAs, tumor-associated antigens; mB, memory B cell; PC, plasma cells; TFH, follicular helper T cell; AT2, alveolar type II cells; MA, alveolar macrophage. Adapted from Fridman et al.19 Adapted with permission from Remark et al.34

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