1. Leveling the paying field
* 原为: level playing field which is a concept about fairness, not that each player has an equal chance to succeed, but that they all play by the same set of rules.
此处改为playing 改为 paying，意指 “创建公平支付环境”。
2. spend more than a predetermined amount
* decided or arranged before something happens, so that it does not happen by chance
此句：消费超过预定数额
3. become overdrawn
* if your bank account is overdrawn, you have spent more money than you have in your account, and so you are in debt to the bank.
此处：消费透支
4. nudge them to save more
* gently encourage (someone) to do something
在亚马逊帝国一文中的解释如下：
*approach (an age, figure, or level) very closely
此句：鼓励他们多节省
5. European retail banking has been remarkably unscathed by technology-driven disruption.
* without suffering any injury, damage, or harm
* When there is disruption of an event, system, or process, it is prevented from continuing or operating in a normal way.
此句：欧洲零售银行并未明显受到技术驱动扰乱的影响。
6. Financial-technology (“fintech”) companies are beginning to mount a challenge, most conspicuously in the online-payments industry.
* organize and initiate (a campaign or other significant course of action)
e.g. mounted takeover bids 发动并购投标活动
* easily seen; clearly visible
此句：金融科技公司开始发起挑战，最明显的当属在线支付行业。
7. fintech firms conduct over half of online transactions.
* the action or manner of directing or managing an activity or organization
此句：金融科技公司处理半数以上的在线交易。
8. incumbents have proved so resilient
* the holder of an office especially a public or academic office
此处指代“银行”一方
* (of a person or animal) able to withstand or recover quickly from difficult conditions
此句：银行恢复如此之快
9. It is often either cumbersome or insecure for customers to share their own information.
* slow or complicated and therefore inefficient
此句：客户分享个人信息要么太过复杂，要么不够安全。
10. Regulators, however, are about to transform the landscape.
* make a thorough or dramatic change in the form, appearance, or character of
* the distinctive features of a particular situation or intellectual activity
此句：然而，监管机构打算彻底改变这一局面。
11. PSD2 aims to kick-start competition.
* PSD2 opens the market to new payment actors and extends the scope of services. In doing so, it increases competition with the aim of making payments more innovative, efficient, swift and secure for consumers.
* to do sth to help a process or project start more quickly
此句：支付服务指令修订版旨在尽快促进竞争。
12. They (payment services) could become more integrated into the internet-browsing experience.
此句：支付服务可能同互联网浏览合为一体。
13. account data 账户数据
account access 账户访问
14. higher-interest savings accounts 更高利率的储蓄账户
15. budgeting advice 预算建议
16. rock-bottom interest rates
* a rock-bottom price is as low as it can possibly be
此处：最低利率
17. banks’ lockhold on payments serves as a handy source of income.
*
* easy to reach or use; saving work; useful; convenient:
此句：银行支付的成为收入的便捷来源。
18. they fear becoming the “dumb pipes” of the financial system.
此句：他们害怕成为金融系统中的“无声管道”。
* 只充当中间人的作用，不能影响客户的消费行为。好比客户使用支付宝或者微信进行支付或者转账，而非银行卡。
19. insure against losses from fraud
* to arrange for money payment in case of loss, accident, or death:
此处：为防止因骗局遭遇损失而投保
20. They will not be subject to the same capital and stress-testing requirements banks face.
此处做“经历”解释，而非“屈服”。
此句：他们不用经历银行要面对的资本以及压力测试要求。
21. the rules will be water down
* If something such as a proposal, speech, or statement is watered down, it is made much weaker and less forceful, or less likely to make people angry.
此句：规则会打折扣。
22. bare their teeth 龇牙咧嘴/采取行动
*To display anangry,violent,and/or threatening reaction to or against something or someone, as does a dog or wolf when threatened.
24. entrant
* a person or group that enters, joins, or takes part in something
25. cooperation or confrontation 合作或对峙
