简介
okhttp的网络请求采用interceptors链的模式。每一级interceptor只处理自己的工作,然后将剩余的工作,交给下一级interceptor。本文将主要阅读okhttp中的BridgeInterceptor,了解它的作用和工作原理。
BridgeInterceptor
BridgeInterceptor从名字上很难看出它的含义。其实,它是一个处理请求与返回的拦截器,它会对请求的Header进行一些处理,然后将工作交到下一级Interceptor,下一级完成后,再对返回进行处理。
/**
* Bridges from application code to network code. First it builds a network request from a user
* request. Then it proceeds to call the network. Finally it builds a user response from the network
* response.
*/
class BridgeInterceptor(private val cookieJar: CookieJar) : Interceptor {
...
}
从注释中我们也可以看出,BridgeInterceptor的实现主要分两部分:请求的处理和返回的处理。
Request
override fun intercept(chain: Interceptor.Chain): Response {
val userRequest = chain.request()
val requestBuilder = userRequest.newBuilder()
val body = userRequest.body()
if (body != null) {
val contentType = body.contentType()
if (contentType != null) {
requestBuilder.header("Content-Type", contentType.toString())
}
val contentLength = body.contentLength()
if (contentLength != -1L) {
requestBuilder.header("Content-Length", contentLength.toString())
requestBuilder.removeHeader("Transfer-Encoding")
} else {
requestBuilder.header("Transfer-Encoding", "chunked")
requestBuilder.removeHeader("Content-Length")
}
}
if (userRequest.header("Host") == null) {
requestBuilder.header("Host", hostHeader(userRequest.url(), false))
}
if (userRequest.header("Connection") == null) {
requestBuilder.header("Connection", "Keep-Alive")
}
// If we add an "Accept-Encoding: gzip" header field we're responsible for also decompressing
// the transfer stream.
var transparentGzip = false
if (userRequest.header("Accept-Encoding") == null && userRequest.header("Range") == null) {
transparentGzip = true
requestBuilder.header("Accept-Encoding", "gzip")
}
val cookies = cookieJar.loadForRequest(userRequest.url())
if (cookies.isNotEmpty()) {
requestBuilder.header("Cookie", cookieHeader(cookies))
}
if (userRequest.header("User-Agent") == null) {
requestBuilder.header("User-Agent", userAgent)
}
...
}
这一部分,主要是对Request的Headers进行处理。如果调用者,有自行设置相关的Header,则直接从userRequest的body中获取,然后设置到requestBuilder中。这里有几处参数的处理值得注意。
contentLength
val contentLength = body.contentLength()
if (contentLength != -1L) {
requestBuilder.header("Content-Length", contentLength.toString())
requestBuilder.removeHeader("Transfer-Encoding")
} else {
requestBuilder.header("Transfer-Encoding", "chunked")
requestBuilder.removeHeader("Content-Length")
}
获取body的内容长度。如果内容长度不为-1,则设置长度,并去除"Transfer-Encoding"。如果内容长度为-1,则是chunked模式,去掉"Content-Length"。
gzip
// If we add an "Accept-Encoding: gzip" header field we're responsible for also decompressing
// the transfer stream.
var transparentGzip = false
if (userRequest.header("Accept-Encoding") == null && userRequest.header("Range") == null) {
transparentGzip = true
requestBuilder.header("Accept-Encoding", "gzip")
}
如果用户没有指定Accept-Encoding,且请求没有带Range字段时,可以自动转换为gzip。
Response
完成了Request后,我们会委托给下层进行实现,然后将networkResponse返回给我们。Response中,主要是需要对transparentGzip进行判断。如果是gzip模式,则需要进行一些处理。
...
val networkResponse = chain.proceed(requestBuilder.build())
HttpHeaders.receiveHeaders(cookieJar, userRequest.url(), networkResponse.headers())
val responseBuilder = networkResponse.newBuilder()
.request(userRequest)
if (transparentGzip &&
"gzip".equals(networkResponse.header("Content-Encoding"), ignoreCase = true) &&
HttpHeaders.hasBody(networkResponse)) {
val responseBody = networkResponse.body()
if (responseBody != null) {
val gzipSource = GzipSource(responseBody.source())
val strippedHeaders = networkResponse.headers().newBuilder()
.removeAll("Content-Encoding")
.removeAll("Content-Length")
.build()
responseBuilder.headers(strippedHeaders)
val contentType = networkResponse.header("Content-Type")
responseBuilder.body(RealResponseBody(contentType, -1L, gzipSource.buffer()))
}
}
return responseBuilder.build()
}
如果Response是gzip模式且transparentGzip为true且HttpHeaders.hasBody为true时,会去掉Headers中的"Content-Encoding"和"Content-Length"。
这个地方值得深究一下。
transparentGzip为true的条件是:
var transparentGzip = false
if (userRequest.header("Accept-Encoding") == null && userRequest.header("Range") == null) {
transparentGzip = true
requestBuilder.header("Accept-Encoding", "gzip")
}
/** Returns true if the response must have a (possibly 0-length) body. See RFC 7231. */
public static boolean hasBody(Response response) {
// HEAD requests never yield a body regardless of the response headers.
if (response.request().method().equals("HEAD")) {
return false;
}
int responseCode = response.code();
if ((responseCode < HTTP_CONTINUE || responseCode >= 200)
&& responseCode != HTTP_NO_CONTENT
&& responseCode != HTTP_NOT_MODIFIED) {
return true;
}
// If the Content-Length or Transfer-Encoding headers disagree with the response code, the
// response is malformed. For best compatibility, we honor the headers.
if (contentLength(response) != -1
|| "chunked".equalsIgnoreCase(response.header("Transfer-Encoding"))) {
return true;
}
return false;
}
所以,okhttp会去掉Headers中的"Content-Encoding"和"Content-Length"的条件是:
- 用户未设置Request的"Accept-Encoding"
- 用户未设置Request的"Range"
- Response中"Content-Encoding"为gzip
当用户未设置Accep-Encoding时,用户期望的Content-Length是返回的内容长度。但由于okhttp在用户未设置Accep-Encoding时,会进行gzip的转换。
当HTTP使用gzip方式时,Content-Length的返回是根据gzip压缩后的长度进行返回的。此时Content-Length的值与用户所期望的不符的。因为用户并没有主动使用gzip模式。
所以,此时okhttp选择将Content-Length remove掉,以免让调用者产生误解。
不得不说okhttp在此处的处理略显粗暴,但也不是完全不能理解。
Issue中也有相关的讨论
总结
okhttp的BridgeInterceptor处理了HTTP的请求中对于请求Header和返回Header。对于HTTP模式的各种匹配做了相应的适配和容错。
如有问题,欢迎指正。