参考文献：https://zhuanlan.zhihu.com/p/28501879
https://zhuanlan.zhihu.com/p/28587782
https://blog.csdn.net/samniwu/article/details/90550196
https://blog.csdn.net/tuke_tuke/article/details/51588156
https://zhuanlan.zhihu.com/p/132543917
Hash结构
Java HashMap底层采用链地址法解决哈希冲突。
JDK 1.7 之前没有红黑树，仅仅是链表作为辅助；
在JDK 1.8 以后新增了红黑树，效率得到大大优化
https://blog.csdn.net/tuke_tuke/article/details/51588156
HashMap中的变量
public class HashMap<k,v> extends AbstractMap<k,v> implements Map<k,v>, Cloneable, Serializable {
private static final long serialVersionUID = 362498820763181265L;
static final int DEFAULT_INITIAL_CAPACITY = 1 << 4; // aka 16
static final int MAXIMUM_CAPACITY = 1 << 30;//最大容量
static final float DEFAULT_LOAD_FACTOR = 0.75f;//填充比
//当add一个元素到某个位桶，其链表长度达到8时将链表转换为红黑树
static final int TREEIFY_THRESHOLD = 8;
static final int UNTREEIFY_THRESHOLD = 6;
static final int MIN_TREEIFY_CAPACITY = 64;
transient Node<k,v>[] table;//存储元素的数组
transient Set<map.entry<k,v>> entrySet;
transient int size;//存放元素的个数
transient int modCount;//被修改的次数fast-fail机制
int threshold;//临界值 当实际大小(容量*填充比)超过临界值时，会进行扩容
final float loadFactor;//填充比（......后面略）
其中数组里对象是Node，是单向链表，包含一个key，一个value，用来保存我们往Map里放入的数据，next用来标记Node节点的下一个元素，具体代码如下：
static class Node<k,v> implements Map.Entry<k,v> {
final int hash;
final K key;
V value;
Node<k,v> next;
//构造函数Hash值 键 值 下一个节点
Node(int hash, K key, V value, Node<k,v> next) {
this.hash = hash;
this.key = key;
this.value = value;
this.next = next;
}
}
HashMap的构造函数
//构造函数1
public HashMap(int initialCapacity, float loadFactor) {
//指定的初始容量非负
if (initialCapacity < 0)
throw new IllegalArgumentException(Illegal initial capacity: +
initialCapacity);
//如果指定的初始容量大于最大容量,置为最大容量
if (initialCapacity > MAXIMUM_CAPACITY)
initialCapacity = MAXIMUM_CAPACITY;
//填充比为正
if (loadFactor <= 0 || Float.isNaN(loadFactor))
throw new IllegalArgumentException(Illegal load factor: +
loadFactor);
this.loadFactor = loadFactor;
this.threshold = tableSizeFor(initialCapacity);//新的扩容临界值
}
//构造函数2
public HashMap(int initialCapacity) {
this(initialCapacity, DEFAULT_LOAD_FACTOR);
}
//构造函数3
public HashMap() {
this.loadFactor = DEFAULT_LOAD_FACTOR; // all other fields defaulted
}
//构造函数4用m的元素初始化散列映射
public HashMap(Map<!--? extends K, ? extends V--> m) {
this.loadFactor = DEFAULT_LOAD_FACTOR;
putMapEntries(m, false);
}
HashMap 存值
public V put(K key, V value) {
return putVal(hash(key), key, value, false, true);
}
final int hash(Object key) {
int h;
return (key == null) ? 0 : (h == key.hashCode()) ^ (h >>> 16);
}
final V putVal(int hash, K key, V value, boolean onlyIfAbsent,
boolean evict) {
Node<K,V>[] tab;
Node<K,V> p;
int n, i;
if ((tab = table) == null || (n = tab.length) == 0)
n = (tab = resize()).length;
/*如果table的在（n-1）&hash的值是空，就新建一个节点插入在该位置*/
if ((p = tab[i = (n - 1) & hash]) == null)
tab[i] = newNode(hash, key, value, null);
/*表示有冲突,开始处理冲突*/
else {
Node<K,V> e;
K k;
/*检查第一个Node，p是不是要找的值*/
if (p.hash == hash &&((k = p.key) == key || (key != null && key.equals(k))))
e = p;
else if (p instanceof TreeNode)
e = ((TreeNode<K,V>)p).putTreeVal(this, tab, hash, key, value);
else {
for (int binCount = 0; ; ++binCount) {
/*指针为空就挂在后面*/
if ((e = p.next) == null) {
p.next = newNode(hash, key, value, null);
//如果冲突的节点数已经达到8个，看是否需要改变冲突节点的存储结构，
//treeifyBin首先判断当前hashMap的长度，如果不足64，只进行
//resize，扩容table，如果达到64，那么将冲突的存储结构为红黑树
if (binCount >= TREEIFY_THRESHOLD - 1) // -1 for 1st
treeifyBin(tab, hash);
break;
}
/*如果有相同的key值就结束遍历*/
if (e.hash == hash &&((k = e.key) == key || (key != null && key.equals(k))))
break;
p = e;
}
}
/*就是链表上有相同的key值*/
if (e != null) { // existing mapping for key，就是key的Value存在
V oldValue = e.value;
if (!onlyIfAbsent || oldValue == null)
e.value = value;
afterNodeAccess(e);
return oldValue;//返回存在的Value值
}
}
++modCount;
/*如果当前大小大于门限，门限原本是初始容量*0.75*/
if (++size > threshold)
resize();//扩容两倍
afterNodeInsertion(evict);
return null;
}
HashMap取值
public V get(Object key) {
Node<K,V> e;
return (e = getNode(hash(key), key)) == null ? null : e.value;
}
final Node<K,V> getNode(int hash, Object key) {
Node<K,V>[] tab;//Entry对象数组
Node<K,V> first,e; //在tab数组中经过散列的第一个位置
int n;
K k;
/*找到插入的第一个Node，方法是hash值和n-1相与，tab[(n - 1) & hash]*/
//也就是说在一条链上的hash值相同的
if ((tab = table) != null && (n = tab.length) > 0 &&(first = tab[(n - 1) & hash]) != null) {
/*检查第一个Node是不是要找的Node*/
if (first.hash == hash && // always check first node
((k = first.key) == key || (key != null && key.equals(k))))//判断条件是hash值要相同，key值要相同
return first;
/*检查first后面的node*/
if ((e = first.next) != null) {
if (first instanceof TreeNode)
return ((TreeNode<K,V>)first).getTreeNode(hash, key);
/*遍历后面的链表，找到key值和hash值都相同的Node*/
do {
if (e.hash == hash &&
((k = e.key) == key || (key != null && key.equals(k))))
return e;
} while ((e = e.next) != null);
}
}
return null;
}
