本文参考文献：《疯狂Android讲义 : 第2版 》
本文参考文章： 《Android 6.0 - 动态权限管理的解决方案》

检测权限工具类

检测权限工具类，我们可以将其在多个应用中复用：

package com.toby.personal.testlistview;

import android.content.Context;
import android.content.pm.PackageManager;
import android.support.v4.content.ContextCompat;
import android.util.Log;

/**
 * Created by toby on 2017/4/29.
 */

class PermissionsChecker {
    private final Context mContext;

    PermissionsChecker(Context context) {
        mContext = context.getApplicationContext();
    }

    // 判断权限集合
    boolean lacksPermissions(String... permissions) {
        for (String permission : permissions) {
            if (lacksPermission(permission)) {
                Log.d("","jkdfksahdfkhsadkjghdfskg: " + permission);
                return true;
            }
        }
        return false;
    }

    // 判断是否缺少权限
    private boolean lacksPermission(String permission) {
        return ContextCompat.checkSelfPermission(mContext, permission) ==
                PackageManager.PERMISSION_DENIED;
    }
}

授权页

授权页, 首先使用系统默认的授权页, 当用户拒绝时, 指导用户手动设置, 当用户再次操作失败后, 返回继续提示。用户手动退出授权页时, 给使用页发送授权失败的通知。我们可以保存这个授权页并将其在多个应用中复用。

package com.toby.personal.testlistview;

import android.app.Activity;
import android.content.DialogInterface;
import android.content.Intent;
import android.content.pm.PackageManager;
import android.net.Uri;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.provider.Settings;
import android.support.annotation.NonNull;
import android.support.annotation.Nullable;
import android.support.v4.app.ActivityCompat;
import android.support.v7.app.AlertDialog;
import android.support.v7.app.AppCompatActivity;

/**
 * Created by toby on 2017/4/29.
 */

public class PermissionsActivity extends AppCompatActivity {
    public static final int PERMISSIONS_GRANTED = 0; // 权限授权
    public static final int PERMISSIONS_DENIED = 1; // 权限拒绝

    private static final int PERMISSION_REQUEST_CODE = 0; // 系统权限管理页面的参数
    private static final String EXTRA_PERMISSIONS =
            "com.toby.personal.permission.extra_permission"; // 权限参数
    private static final String PACKAGE_URL_SCHEME = "package:"; // 方案

    private PermissionsChecker mChecker; // 权限检测器
    private boolean isRequireCheck; // 是否需要系统权限检测, 防止和系统提示框重叠

    // 启动当前权限页面的公开接口
    public static void startActivityForResult(Activity activity, int requestCode, String... permissions) {
        Intent intent = new Intent(activity, PermissionsActivity.class);
        intent.putExtra(EXTRA_PERMISSIONS, permissions);
        ActivityCompat.startActivityForResult(activity, intent, requestCode, null);
    }

    @Override protected void onCreate(@Nullable Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        if (getIntent() == null || !getIntent().hasExtra(EXTRA_PERMISSIONS)) {
            throw new RuntimeException("PermissionsActivity需要使用静态startActivityForResult方法启动!");
        }
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_permissions); // 这个 xml 我们随便定义一个非空的 xml 布局文件就可以

        mChecker = new PermissionsChecker(this);
        isRequireCheck = true;
    }

    @Override protected void onResume() {
        super.onResume();
        if (isRequireCheck) {
            String[] permissions = getPermissions();
            if (mChecker.lacksPermissions(permissions)) {
                requestPermissions(permissions); // 请求权限
            } else {
                allPermissionsGranted(); // 全部权限都已获取
            }
        } else {
            isRequireCheck = true;
        }
    }

    // 返回传递的权限参数
    private String[] getPermissions() {
        return getIntent().getStringArrayExtra(EXTRA_PERMISSIONS);
    }

    // 请求权限兼容低版本
    private void requestPermissions(String... permissions) {
        ActivityCompat.requestPermissions(this, permissions, PERMISSION_REQUEST_CODE);
    }

    // 全部权限均已获取
    private void allPermissionsGranted() {
        setResult(PERMISSIONS_GRANTED);
        finish();
    }

    /**
     * 用户权限处理,
     * 如果全部获取, 则直接过.
     * 如果权限缺失, 则提示Dialog.
     *
     * @param requestCode  请求码
     * @param permissions  权限
     * @param grantResults 结果
     */
    @Override
    public void onRequestPermissionsResult(int requestCode, @NonNull String[] permissions, @NonNull int[] grantResults) {
        if (requestCode == PERMISSION_REQUEST_CODE && hasAllPermissionsGranted(grantResults)) {
            isRequireCheck = true;
            allPermissionsGranted();
        } else {
            isRequireCheck = false;
            showMissingPermissionDialog();
        }
    }

    // 含有全部的权限
    private boolean hasAllPermissionsGranted(@NonNull int[] grantResults) {
        for (int grantResult : grantResults) {
            if (grantResult == PackageManager.PERMISSION_DENIED) {
                return false;
            }
        }
        return true;
    }

    // 显示缺失权限提示
    private void showMissingPermissionDialog() {
        AlertDialog.Builder builder = new AlertDialog.Builder(PermissionsActivity.this);
        builder.setTitle(R.string.help);
        builder.setMessage(R.string.string_help_text);

        // 拒绝, 退出应用
        builder.setNegativeButton(R.string.quit, new DialogInterface.OnClickListener() {
            @Override public void onClick(DialogInterface dialog, int which) {
                setResult(PERMISSIONS_DENIED);
                finish();
            }
        });

        builder.setPositiveButton(R.string.settings, new DialogInterface.OnClickListener() {
            @Override public void onClick(DialogInterface dialog, int which) {
                startAppSettings();
            }
        });

        builder.setCancelable(false);

        builder.show();
    }

    // 启动应用的设置
    private void startAppSettings() {
        Intent intent = new Intent(Settings.ACTION_APPLICATION_DETAILS_SETTINGS);
        intent.setData(Uri.parse(PACKAGE_URL_SCHEME + getPackageName()));
        startActivity(intent);
    }
}

需要在 AndroidManifest.xml 中加入权限的申请内容：

<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.SEND_SMS" />

主布局文件的内容如下：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    android:id="@+id/container"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent"
    android:background="@color/colorGray"
    android:orientation="vertical">

    <EditText
        android:id="@+id/number"
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content" />

    <EditText
        android:id="@+id/smsContent"
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:layout_marginTop="20dp" />

    <Button
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:layout_marginTop="20dp"
        android:onClick="send"
        android:text="@string/send" />
</LinearLayout>

主程序文件的内容如下：

package com.toby.personal.testlistview;

import android.Manifest;
import android.app.PendingIntent;
import android.content.Context;
import android.content.DialogInterface;
import android.content.Intent;
import android.database.Cursor;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.provider.ContactsContract;
import android.support.v7.app.AlertDialog;
import android.support.v7.app.AppCompatActivity;
import android.telephony.PhoneStateListener;
import android.telephony.SmsManager;
import android.telephony.TelephonyManager;
import android.util.Log;
import android.view.View;
import android.view.ViewGroup;
import android.widget.BaseAdapter;
import android.widget.CheckBox;
import android.widget.EditText;
import android.widget.ListView;
import android.widget.Toast;

import java.io.FileNotFoundException;
import java.io.OutputStream;
import java.io.PrintStream;
import java.lang.reflect.InvocationTargetException;
import java.lang.reflect.Method;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Date;

public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {

    final private static String TAG = "Toby_Test";
    final private static int REQUEST_CODE = 29; // 请求码

    static final String[] PERMISSIONS = new String[]{
            Manifest.permission.SEND_SMS
    };

    private PermissionsChecker permissionsChecker;

    private SmsManager smsManager;
    EditText number, smsContent;

    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        Log.d(TAG, "=========== onCreate ===========");
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);

        permissionsChecker = new PermissionsChecker(this);

        smsManager = SmsManager.getDefault();
        number = (EditText) findViewById(R.id.number);
        smsContent = (EditText) findViewById(R.id.smsContent);
    }

    @Override
    protected void onResume() {
        super.onResume();
        if (permissionsChecker.lacksPermissions(PERMISSIONS)) {
            startPermissionsActivity();
        }
    }

    private void startPermissionsActivity() {
        PermissionsActivity.startActivityForResult(this, REQUEST_CODE, PERMISSIONS);
    }

    @Override
    protected void onActivityResult(int requestCode, int resultCode, Intent data) {
        super.onActivityResult(requestCode, resultCode, data);
        // 拒绝时, 关闭页面, 缺少主要权限, 无法运行
        if (requestCode == REQUEST_CODE && resultCode == PermissionsActivity.PERMISSIONS_DENIED) {
            finish();
        }
    }

    public void send(View view) {
        PendingIntent pendingIntent = PendingIntent.getActivity(this, 0, new Intent(), 0);
        smsManager.sendTextMessage(number.getText().toString(), null,
                smsContent.getText().toString(), pendingIntent, null);
        Toast.makeText(this, "SMS Send Finished.", Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();
    }
}

本示例中使用了一个 PendingIntent 对象，PendingIntent 是对 Intent 的封装，一般通过静态方法获取。与 Intent 对象不同的是：PendingIntent 通常会传给其他应用组件，从而由其他应用程序来执行 PendingIntent 所包装的“Intent”。