apache httpclient不多介绍这个工具是什么，具体请看官网,不赘述。
先看第一个demo，把这个东西用起来再说。
/**
* 使用httpclient-4.5.2发送请求
* @author lyh
* 2019.8.12
*/
public class FirstHttpClientDemo {
public static void main(String[] args) {
try {
String url = "http://www.baidu.com";
// 使用默认配置创建httpclient的实例
CloseableHttpClient client = HttpClients.createDefault();
HttpPost post = new HttpPost(url);
// HttpGet get = new HttpGet(url);
CloseableHttpResponse response = client.execute(post);
// CloseableHttpResponse response = client.execute(get);
// 服务器返回码
int status_code = response.getStatusLine().getStatusCode();
System.out.println("status_code = " + status_code);
// 服务器返回内容
String respStr = null;
HttpEntity entity = response.getEntity();
if(entity != null) {
respStr = EntityUtils.toString(entity, "UTF-8");
}
System.out.println("respStr = " + respStr);
// 释放资源
EntityUtils.consume(entity);
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
这个demo主要是完成基本的交互过程，发送请求，接收消息，如果只是做小程序或者不是特别大并发量的系统，基本已经够用了。
跟服务器交互，更多的是发送数据，然后接收到服务器返回的数据，一般我们利用http-client中的实体(Entity)，具体在org.apache.http.entity包下面的类来封装我们的请求，从服务器上接收的也是实体.
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
import org.apache.http.HttpEntity;
import org.apache.http.NameValuePair;
import org.apache.http.client.entity.UrlEncodedFormEntity;
import org.apache.http.client.methods.CloseableHttpResponse;
import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpPost;
import org.apache.http.impl.client.CloseableHttpClient;
import org.apache.http.impl.client.HttpClients;
import org.apache.http.message.BasicNameValuePair;
import org.apache.http.util.EntityUtils;
/**
* 使用httpclient-4.5.2发送请求参数
* @author lyh
* 2019.8.12
*/
public class RequestParameterDemo {
public static void main(String[] args) {
try {
String url = "http://localhost:9090";
// 使用默认配置创建httpclient的实例
CloseableHttpClient client = HttpClients.createDefault();
HttpPost post = new HttpPost(url);
/**
* 设置参数，常用的有StringEntity,UrlEncodedFormEntity,MultipartEntity
* 具体看org.apache.http.entity包
*/
List<NameValuePair> params = new ArrayList<>();
params.add(new BasicNameValuePair("username", "张三"));
params.add(new BasicNameValuePair("password", "123456"));
UrlEncodedFormEntity e = new UrlEncodedFormEntity(params, "UTF-8");
post.setEntity(e);
CloseableHttpResponse response = client.execute(post);
// 服务器返回码
int status_code = response.getStatusLine().getStatusCode();
System.out.println(status_code);
// 服务器返回内容
String respStr = null;
HttpEntity entity = response.getEntity();
if(entity != null) {
respStr = EntityUtils.toString(entity, "UTF-8");
}
System.out.println("respStr = " + respStr);
// 释放资源
EntityUtils.consume(entity);
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
代码模拟了客户端向服务器发送一个表单数据，最常用的场景就是发送报文数据/登陆动作了。
接着上面，我们在使用HttpClient的时候更多的是需要自己根据业务特点创建自己定制化的HttpClient实例，而不是像之前那样使用
// 使用默认配置创建httpclient的实例
CloseableHttpClient client = HttpClients.createDefault();
废话不多说，直接上代码(Talk is cheap, show me the code!)：
import org.apache.http.HttpEntity;
import org.apache.http.client.config.RequestConfig;
import org.apache.http.client.methods.CloseableHttpResponse;
import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpGet;
import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpPost;
import org.apache.http.impl.client.CloseableHttpClient;
import org.apache.http.impl.client.HttpClients;
import org.apache.http.util.EntityUtils;
/**
* 使用httpclient-4.5.2发送请求，配置请求定制化参数
* @author lyh
* 2019.8.12
*/
public class RequestConfigDemo {
public static void main(String[] args) {
try {
String url = "http://www.baidu.com";
/**
* 请求参数配置
* connectionRequestTimeout:
* 从连接池中获取连接的超时时间，超过该时间未拿到可用连接，
* 会抛出org.apache.http.conn.ConnectionPoolTimeoutException: Timeout waiting for connection from pool
* connectTimeout:
* 连接上服务器(握手成功)的时间，超出该时间抛出connect timeout
* socketTimeout:
* 服务器返回数据(response)的时间，超过该时间抛出read timeout
*/
CloseableHttpClient client = HttpClients.custom().setDefaultRequestConfig(RequestConfig.custom()
.setConnectionRequestTimeout(2000).setConnectTimeout(2000).setSocketTimeout(2000).build()).build();
HttpPost post = new HttpPost(url);
// HttpGet get = new HttpGet(url);
CloseableHttpResponse response = client.execute(post);
// CloseableHttpResponse response = client.execute(get);
// 服务器返回码
int status_code = response.getStatusLine().getStatusCode();
System.out.println("status_code = " + status_code);
// 服务器返回内容
String respStr = null;
HttpEntity entity = response.getEntity();
if(entity != null) {
respStr = EntityUtils.toString(entity, "UTF-8");
}
System.out.println("respStr = " + respStr);
// 释放资源
EntityUtils.consume(entity);
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
需要说明的是，需要自己定制HttpClient客户端的话，我们使用HttpClients.custom()，然后调用各种set方法即可，一般建议使用HttpClients.custom().setDefaultRequestConfig()，org.apache.http.client.config.RequestConfig类提供了很多可定制的参数，我们可以根据自己的配置来使用相关配置。有几个参数我们自己必须设置一下
connectionRequestTimeout:从连接池中获取连接的超时时间，超过该时间未拿到可用连接，会抛出org.apache.http.conn.ConnectionPoolTimeoutException: Timeout waiting for connection from pool
connectTimeout:连接上服务器(握手成功)的时间，超出该时间抛出connect timeout
socketTimeout:服务器返回数据(response)的时间，超过该时间抛出read timeout
通过打断点的方式我们知道，HttpClients在我们没有指定连接工厂的时候默认使用的是连接池工厂org.apache.http.impl.conn.PoolingHttpClientConnectionManager.PoolingHttpClientConnectionManager(Registry<ConnectionSocketFactory>)，所以我们需要配置一下从连接池获取连接池的超时时间。
以上3个超时相关的参数如果未配置，默认为-1，意味着无限大，就是一直阻塞等待！
创建https需要使用org.apache.http.conn.ssl.SSLConnectionSocketFactory，PlainConnectionSocketFactory和SSLConnectionSocketFactory都实现了ConnectionSocketFactory。
好了，直接上代码，代码实现的功能是，组装一个发往银联的查询报文（查询交易结果）。
import java.security.cert.CertificateException;
import java.security.cert.X509Certificate;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Iterator;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.Map.Entry;
import javax.net.ssl.SSLContext;
import javax.net.ssl.TrustManager;
import javax.net.ssl.X509TrustManager;
import org.apache.http.HttpEntity;
import org.apache.http.NameValuePair;
import org.apache.http.client.config.RequestConfig;
import org.apache.http.client.entity.UrlEncodedFormEntity;
import org.apache.http.client.methods.CloseableHttpResponse;
import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpPost;
import org.apache.http.conn.ssl.NoopHostnameVerifier;
import org.apache.http.conn.ssl.SSLConnectionSocketFactory;
import org.apache.http.impl.client.CloseableHttpClient;
import org.apache.http.impl.client.HttpClients;
import org.apache.http.message.BasicNameValuePair;
import org.apache.http.util.EntityUtils;
/**
* This example demonstrates how to create secure connections with a custom SSL
* context.
*/
public class ClientCustomSSL {
private static String reqStr = "txnType=00&signMethod=01&certId=68759663125&encoding=UTF-8&merId=777290058110048&bizType=000201&txnSubType=00&signature=k0lrWgeLK%2Fx%2B8ajj15QCYfmdQxZSKBjXUJN0bLt17rp87ptogxWgHAAq7EUt8RlEbxD6GaRngwtdLGiy6are45Gj1dBLJBtW2841WIq4Ywzx3oK6538Kfh9ll91GJcZJGYz8LuJoZfii7HFPlpl1ZsPZbbdKP6WFVHNMnGnL9nk9QSa%2BihXGpyK%2Fy1FA42AJpfc%2FTT3BV6C%2FxpoEhXzVckHnniVnCpLdGnPfZOd76wK%2Fa%2BALNmniwUZmMj9uNPwnONIIwL%2FFqrqQinQArolW%2FrcIt9NL7qKvQujM%2BdRvd1fboAHI5bZC3ktVPB0s5QFfsRhSRFghVi4RHOzL8ZG%2FVQ%3D%3D&orderId=20160309145206&version=5.0.0&txnTime=20160309145206&accessType=0";
private static String url = "https://101.231.204.80:5000/gateway/api/queryTrans.do";
// 信任管理器
private static X509TrustManager tm = new X509TrustManager() {
@Override
public void checkClientTrusted(X509Certificate[] chain, String authType) throws CertificateException {
}
@Override
public void checkServerTrusted(X509Certificate[] chain, String authType) throws CertificateException {
}
@Override
public X509Certificate[] getAcceptedIssuers() {
return null;
}
};
public final static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
long starttime = System.currentTimeMillis();
SSLContext sslContext = SSLContext.getInstance("TLS");
// 初始化SSL上下文
sslContext.init(null, new TrustManager[] { tm }, null);
// SSL套接字连接工厂,NoopHostnameVerifier为信任所有服务器
SSLConnectionSocketFactory sslsf = new SSLConnectionSocketFactory(sslContext,NoopHostnameVerifier.INSTANCE);
/**
* 通过setSSLSocketFactory(sslsf)保证httpclient实例能发送Https请求
*/
CloseableHttpClient httpclient = HttpClients.custom().setSSLSocketFactory(sslsf).setMaxConnTotal(50)
.setMaxConnPerRoute(50).setDefaultRequestConfig(RequestConfig.custom()
.setConnectionRequestTimeout(60000).setConnectTimeout(60000).setSocketTimeout(60000).build())
.build();
try {
HttpPost httppost = new HttpPost(url);
// 设置参数，参数含义不需要理解
Map<String, String> map = new HashMap<String, String>();
map.put("txnType","00");
map.put("signMethod","01");
map.put("certId","68759663125");
map.put("encoding","UTF-8");
map.put("merId","777290058110048");
map.put("bizType","000201");
map.put("txnSubType","00");
map.put("signature","k0lrWgeLK%2Fx%2B8ajj15QCYfmdQxZSKBjXUJN0bLt17rp87ptogxWgHAAq7EUt8RlEbxD6GaRngwtdLGiy6are45Gj1dBLJBtW2841WIq4Ywzx3oK6538Kfh9ll91GJcZJGYz8LuJoZfii7HFPlpl1ZsPZbbdKP6WFVHNMnGnL9nk9QSa%2BihXGpyK%2Fy1FA42AJpfc%2FTT3BV6C%2FxpoEhXzVckHnniVnCpLdGnPfZOd76wK%2Fa%2BALNmniwUZmMj9uNPwnONIIwL%2FFqrqQinQArolW%2FrcIt9NL7qKvQujM%2BdRvd1fboAHI5bZC3ktVPB0s5QFfsRhSRFghVi4RHOzL8ZG%2FVQ%3D%3D");
map.put("orderId","20160309145206");
map.put("version","5.0.0");
map.put("txnTime","20160309145206");
map.put("accessType","0");
List<NameValuePair> list = new ArrayList<NameValuePair>();
Iterator<Entry<String, String>> iterator = map.entrySet().iterator();
while (iterator.hasNext()) {
Entry<String, String> elem = (Entry<String, String>) iterator.next();
list.add(new BasicNameValuePair(elem.getKey(), elem.getValue()));
}
if (list.size() > 0) {
UrlEncodedFormEntity entity = new UrlEncodedFormEntity(list, "UTF-8");
httppost.setEntity(entity);
}
System.out.println("executing request " + httppost.getRequestLine());
CloseableHttpResponse response = httpclient.execute(httppost);
try {
HttpEntity entity = response.getEntity();
System.out.println("----------------------------------------");
System.out.println(response.getStatusLine());
if (entity != null) {
System.out.println("Response content length: " + entity.getContentLength());
}
String s = EntityUtils.toString(entity,"UTF-8");
System.out.println("应答内容：" + s);
EntityUtils.consume(entity);
} finally {
response.close();
}
} finally {
httpclient.close();
}
long endtime = System.currentTimeMillis();
System.out.println("耗时:" + (endtime-starttime) + "ms");
}
}
使用注册器可以保证既能发送http请求也能发送httpsclient请求，代码块如下：
int httpReqTimeOut = 60000;//60秒
SSLContext sslContext = SSLContext.getInstance("TLS");
// 初始化SSL上下文
sslContext.init(null, new TrustManager[] { tm }, null);
// SSL套接字连接工厂,NoopHostnameVerifier为信任所有服务器
SSLConnectionSocketFactory sslsf = new SSLConnectionSocketFactory(sslContext,NoopHostnameVerifier.INSTANCE);
// 注册http套接字工厂和https套接字工厂
Registry<ConnectionSocketFactory> r = RegistryBuilder.<ConnectionSocketFactory>create()
.register("http", PlainConnectionSocketFactory.INSTANCE)
.register("https", sslsf)
.build();
// 连接池管理器
PoolingHttpClientConnectionManager pcm = new PoolingHttpClientConnectionManager(r);
pcm.setMaxTotal(maxConnTotal);//连接池最大连接数
pcm.setDefaultMaxPerRoute(maxConnPerRoute);//每个路由最大连接数
/**
* 请求参数配置
* connectionRequestTimeout:
* 从连接池中获取连接的超时时间，超过该时间未拿到可用连接，
* 会抛出org.apache.http.conn.ConnectionPoolTimeoutException: Timeout waiting for connection from pool
* connectTimeout:
* 连接上服务器(握手成功)的时间，超出该时间抛出connect timeout
* socketTimeout:
* 服务器返回数据(response)的时间，超过该时间抛出read timeout
*/
RequestConfig requestConfig = RequestConfig.custom()
.setConnectionRequestTimeout(httpReqTimeOut)
.setConnectTimeout(httpReqTimeOut)
.setSocketTimeout(httpReqTimeOut)
.build();
/**
* 构造closeableHttpClient对象
*/
closeableHttpClient = HttpClients.custom()
.setDefaultRequestConfig(requestConfig)
.setConnectionManager(pcm)
.setRetryHandler(retryHandler)
.build();
关键代码为：
// 注册http套接字工厂和https套接字工厂
Registry<ConnectionSocketFactory> r = RegistryBuilder.<ConnectionSocketFactory>create()
.register("http", PlainConnectionSocketFactory.INSTANCE)
.register("https", sslsf)
.build();
样例通过Post发送soap1.1协议xml格式的请求
pom
<dependency>
<groupId>org.apache.httpcomponents</groupId>
<artifactId>httpclient</artifactId>
<version>4.5.6</version>
</dependency>
import java.io.IOException;
import org.apache.http.HttpEntity;
import org.apache.http.HttpResponse;
import org.apache.http.HttpStatus;
import org.apache.http.client.ClientProtocolException;
import org.apache.http.client.ResponseHandler;
import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpPost;
import org.apache.http.entity.StringEntity;
import org.apache.http.impl.client.CloseableHttpClient;
import org.apache.http.impl.client.HttpClients;
import org.apache.http.util.EntityUtils;
public class Znkf_soap_post {
/**
* post发送xml格式的soap1.1协议
* @param irnonumber 查询参数
* @param username 查询参数
* @return 查询内容
*/
public static String post_method(String irnonumber,String username) {
String xml = "<?xml version=\"1.0\" encoding=\"utf-8\"?>\n" +
"<soap:Envelope xmlns:xsi=\"http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance\" xmlns:xsd=\"http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema\" xmlns:soap=\"http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/soap/envelope/\">\n" +
" <soap:Body>\n" +
" <GetIrnoMessage xmlns=\"http://tempuri.org/\">\n" +
" <irnonumber>"+irnonumber+"</irnonumber>\n" +
" <username>"+username+"</username>\n" +
" </GetIrnoMessage>\n" +
" </soap:Body>\n" +
"</soap:Envelope>";
try {
CloseableHttpClient httpclient = HttpClients.createDefault();
HttpPost httpPost = new HttpPost("http://10.6.187.27:8081/WsIrnoSelect/Service.asmx");
httpPost.addHeader("Content-Type","text/xml;charset=UTF-8");
httpPost.addHeader("SOAPAction","http://tempuri.org/GetIrnoMessage");
//解决中文乱码问题
StringEntity stringEntity = new StringEntity(xml,"UTF-8");
stringEntity.setContentEncoding("UTF-8");
httpPost.setEntity(stringEntity);
/* HttpResponse response = httpclient.execute(httpPost);
if (response.getStatusLine().getStatusCode() == HttpStatus.SC_OK) {
String result = EntityUtils.toString(response.getEntity());
return HttpStatus.SC_OK + result;
}*/
// Create a custom response handler
ResponseHandler<String> responseHandler = new ResponseHandler<String>() {
@Override
public String handleResponse(final HttpResponse response) throws ClientProtocolException, IOException {//
int status = response.getStatusLine().getStatusCode();
if (status >= 200 && status < 300) {
HttpEntity entity = response.getEntity();
return entity != null ? EntityUtils.toString(entity) : null;
} else {
throw new ClientProtocolException(
"Unexpected response status: " + status);
}
}
};
String responseBody = httpclient.execute(httpPost, responseHandler);
System.out.println("----------------------------------------");
System.out.println(responseBody);
int startIndex = responseBody.indexOf("<GetIrnoMessageResult>");
int endIndex = responseBody.indexOf("</GetIrnoMessageResult>");
return responseBody.substring(startIndex+22, endIndex);
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
return "出现异常";
}
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
String s = post_method("1200", "12");
System.out.println(s);
}
}
