关于这个经典问题，oracle其实有官方文档来进行阐释。 Execution of try-finally and try-catch-finally
本文试图对这部分文档做一个简单的修改，制成伪码形式，以加深记忆

java
// 翻译版
执行 try 块;
if(try 块的执行顺利完成){
执行 finally 块;
if(finally 块正常执行完成){
try 块执行正常完成; // 所以，即使try中有return语句，也会执行finally的;
}else if(finally 块由于原因 S 失败，结束执行){
try 块执行失败，原因 S;
}
}else if (try 块的执行由于抛出异常 v 而终止){
if(如果 v 能够与后续的 catch 语句异常类型匹配){
选择第一个匹配的 catch 语句进行 catch 语句执行;
if(catch 块正常执行){
执行 finally 块;
if(finally 块正常执行){
try 块正常结束执行;
else if(finally 块由于原因 S 异常终止){
try 块由于原因 S 异常终止;
}
}else if(catch 块由于原因 R 异常终止){
执行 finally 块;
if(finally 块正常执行){
try 语句由于原因 R 异常终止;
}else if(finally 块由于原因 S 异常终止){
try 语句由于原因 S 异常终止(原因 R 被忽略);
}
}
}else{
执行 finally 块;
if(finally 块正常执行完成){
try 语句抛出异常 v;
}else if (finally 块由于原因 S 异常终止){
try 语句由于原因 S 异常终止; ( 异常 v 将被无视)
}
}
}else if(try 语句由于其他原因 R 异常终止){
execute finally block;
if(finally 块正常执行){
try 语句由于 R 而异常终止;
}else if(finally 块由于原因 S 异常终止){
try 语句由于原因 S异常终止(原因 R 忽略掉);
}
}
// 英语原文
execute try block;
if(execution of try block completes normally){
execute finally block;
if(finally block completes normally){
try block completes normally;
}else if(finally block completes abruptly for reason S){
try statement completes abruptly for reason S;
}
}else if (execution of try block completes abruptly because of a throw of a value v){
if(v is assignment compatible with a catchable exception class of any catch clause){
the first matchable catch clause is selected;
execute the selected catch clause with parameter v;
if(catch block completes normally){
execute the finally block;
if(finally block completes normally){
try block completes normally;
else if(finally block completes abruptly for reason S){
try statement completes abruptly for reason S;
}
}else if(catch block completes abruptly for reason R){
execute finally block;
if(finally block completes normally){
try statement completes abruptly for reason R;
}else if(finally block completes abruptly for reason S){
try statement completes abruptly for reason S(and reason R is discarded);
}
}
}else{
execute finally block;
if(finally block completes normally){
try statement complete abruptly because of a throw of v;
}else if (finally block completes abruptly for reason S){
try statement complete abruptly because of the reason S; ( the throw of v is discard and forgotten)
}
}
}else if(execution of try block completes abruptly because of any other reason R){
execute finally block;
if(finally block completes normally){
try statement completes abruptly for reason R;
}else if(finally block completes abruptly for reason S){
try statement completes abruptly for reason S(and reason R is discarded);
}
}