双向链表+Map实现,get、put、时间复杂度为O(1).
LRU数据结构如下图:
LRU
LRU(least recently used) 最近最少使用的 ,核心思想:如果数据最近被访问,将来被访问的概率也高
步骤:
1.新插入数据放在表头
2.最近访问数据移动到表头
3.当链表满了,就将尾部数据丢弃
代码实现
// MARK: 输出打印
protocol Printable {
func reversePrint()
func printf()
}
/// 链表节点
class LinkNode<T> {
var value: T
var next: LinkNode? = nil // 下一个节点
weak var previous: LinkNode? = nil // 前一个节点
init(_ value: T) {
self.value = value
}
}
// MARK: LRU缓存实现(双向链表+map)
final class LRUCache<Key, Value> {
private struct CachePaylaod {
var key: Key
var value: Value
}
private typealias Node = LinkNode<CachePaylaod>
private var _head: Node?
private var _tail: Node?
private var _count: Int = 0
var count: Int {
return _count
}
private var _initCapacity: Int
private var _lruMap: [Key: LinkNode<CachePaylaod>]
init(_ capacity: Int) {
self._initCapacity = max(0, capacity)
_lruMap = [Key: LinkNode<CachePaylaod>].init(minimumCapacity: capacity)
}
/// 取值
func get(_ key: Key) -> Value? {
if let node = self._lruMap[key] {
self.moveNodeToHead(node: node)
}
return self._lruMap[key]?.value.value
}
/// 设置值
func put(_ key: Key, _ value: Value) {
let cachePayload = CachePaylaod.init(key: key, value: value)
/*
1、key 存在,更新value,并将当前节点移到链表头部
2、key不存在,创建新的节点并拼接到头部
3、超过最大容量,移除最后一个节点
*/
if let node = self._lruMap[key] {
node.value = cachePayload
moveNodeToHead(node: node)
}else {
let node = LinkNode.init(cachePayload)
appenToHead(newNode: node)
_lruMap[key] = node
}
if _count > _initCapacity {
let nodeRemove = removeLastNode()
if let key = nodeRemove?.value.key {
_lruMap[key] = nil
}
}
}
/// 将存在的节点移到头部
private func moveNodeToHead(node: Node) {
if node === _head {
return
}
let next = node.next
let previous = node.previous
if previous === _head {
previous?.previous = node
}
if node === _tail {
_tail = previous
}
previous?.next = next
next?.previous = previous
node.previous = nil
node.next = _head
_head?.previous = node
_head = node
}
/// 拼接一个新的节点到头部
private func appenToHead(newNode: Node) {
if _head == nil {
_head = newNode
_tail = _head
}else{
let temp = newNode
temp.next = _head
_head?.previous = temp
_head = temp
}
_count += 1
}
/// 移除最后一个节点
@discardableResult
private func removeLastNode() -> Node? {
if let tail = _tail {
let tailPre = tail.previous
tail.previous = nil
tailPre?.next = nil
_tail = tailPre
if _count == 1 {
_head = nil
}
_count -= 1
return tail
}else {
return nil
}
}
}
extension LRUCache: Printable {
func reversePrint() {
var node = _tail
var ll = [Value]()
while node != nil {
ll.append(node!.value.value)
node = node?.previous
}
print(ll)
}
func printf() {
var node = _head
var ll = [Value]()
while node != nil {
ll.append(node!.value.value)
node = node?.next
}
print(ll)
}
}
测试:
let lru = LRUCache<Int, Int>.init(3)
lru.put(1, 1)
lru.put(2, 2)
lru.printf() 打印结果:[2, 1]
lru.reversePrint() 打印结果:[1, 2]
lru.get(1)
lru.printf() 打印结果:[1, 2]
lru.reversePrint() 打印结果:[2, 1]
lru.put(3, 3)
lru.printf() 打印结果:[3, 1, 2]
lru.reversePrint() 打印结果:[2, 1, 3]
lru.get(2)
lru.printf() 打印结果:[2, 3, 1]
lru.reversePrint() 打印结果:[1, 3, 2]
lru.put(4, 4)
lru.printf() 打印结果:[4, 2, 3]
lru.reversePrint() 打印结果:[3, 2, 4]
lru.get(1) 结果为nil
lru.printf() 打印结果:
lru.reversePrint() 打印结果:
lru.get(3)
lru.printf() 打印结果:[3, 4, 2]
lru.reversePrint() 打印结果:[2, 4, 3]
lru.get(4)
lru.printf() 打印结果:[4, 3, 2]
lru.reversePrint() 打印结果:[2, 3, 4]
lru.put(3, 30)
lru.printf() 打印结果:[30, 4, 2]
lru.reversePrint() 打印结果:[2, 4, 30]
题外话
该代码实现leetcode居然编译报错😤。不知道是不是泛型的影响。
虽然得到权威的认证,不过我坚信这个实现没问题😏。
当然,如有问题欢迎各路大神指点🤪。