公共操作
运算符
合并( + )
支持字符串,列表,元组
str1 = 'aa'
str2 = 'bb'
list1 = [1,2]
list2 = [10,20]
t1 = (1,2)
t2 = (10,20)
dict = {'name':'Tom'}
dict2 = {'age':30}
#合并
print(str1 +str2)
print(list1 + list2)
print(t1 + t2)
#print(dict1+dict2)报错,字典不能进行加法运算
# aabb
# [1, 2, 10, 20]
# (1, 2, 10, 20)
复制( * )
支持字符串,列表,元组
str1 = 'a'
list = ['hello']
t1 = ('world',)
print(str1*5)
print(list*5)
print(t1*5)
# aaaaa
# ['hello', 'hello', 'hello', 'hello', 'hello']
# ('world', 'world', 'world', 'world', 'world')
# 字典不能进行复制操作
判断是否存在in和not in
支持字符串,列表,元组,字典
str = 'abcd'
list = [10,20,30,40]
t1 = (100,200,300,400)
dict = {'name':'Tom','age':30}
print('a' in str)
print('a' not in str)
print(10 in list)
print(100 in dict)
print('name' in dict)
print('name' in dict.keys())
print('name' in dict.values())
# True
# False
# True
# False
# True
# True
# False
常用公共方法
len()
统计容器中元素的个数
str = 'abcd'
list = [10,20,30,40]
t1 = (100,200,300,400)
s1 = {10,20,30,40}
dict = {'name':'Tom','age':30}
print(len(str))
print(len(list))
print(len(t1))
print(len(t1))
print(len(dict))
# 4 4 4 4 2
del或del()删除
#删除整个
# del str
# print(str) #报错,删除成功
#删除单个
del(str[2])
print(str)
del dict['name']
max()返回容器元素最大值 min()返回容器元素最小值
str = 'abcdefg'
list = [10,20,30,40,50]
print(max(str))
print(min(list))
range(start,end,step)生成从start到end的数字,步长为step,供for循环使用
step省略,默认为1,range()生成的序列不包括end数字
for i in range(1,10,1):
print(i)
#1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
for i in range(1,10):
print(i)
#1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
for i in range(1,10,2):
print(i)
#1 3 5 7 9
for i in range(10):
print(i)
#0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
enumerate()
语法:enumerate(可遍历对象,start=0)
start默认为0
for i in enumerate(list):
print(i)
# (0, 'a')(1, 'b')(2, 'c')(3, 'd')返回结果是元组,元组第一个是原迭代数据所在下标,第二个是原迭代对象的数据
for i in enumerate(list,start=1):
print(i)
# (1, 'a')(2, 'b')(3, 'c')(4, 'd')
容器类型转换
list1 = [10,20,30,40,50]
s1 = {100,300,200,500}
t1 = ('a','b','c','d')
#tuple():转换称元组
print(tuple(list1))
print(tuple(s1))
# (10, 20, 30, 40, 50)
# (200, 100, 500, 300)
#list():转换成列表
print(list(s1))
print(list(t1))
# [200, 100, 500, 300]
# ['a', 'b', 'c', 'd']
#set():转换成集合
print(set(list1))#集合有去重功能
print(set(t1))
# {40, 10, 50, 20, 30}
# {'b', 'a', 'd', 'c'}