dispatch queue
-
串行队列(DISPATCH_QUEUE_CONCURRENT)
- serial dispatch queue中的block按照先进先出(FIFO)的顺序去执行,
- 用户可以根据需要创建任意多的serial dispatch queue
- serial dispatch queue彼此之间是并发的
-
并行队列(DISPATCH_QUEUE_SERIAL)
- 一次性并发执行一个或者多个task
- 系统提供了四个global concurrent queue,使用dispatch_get_global_queue函数就可以获取
-
Main Dispatch Queue
- 绑定在主线程
- FIFO
- 全局的
-
全局队列
- main queue
- 四个global concurrent queue
-
用户创建
- 串行
- 并行
全局队列
main queue 的所有的操作都在主线程中进行,注意 main queue 是一个串行队列
dispatch_queue_t dispatch_get_main_queue(void)
返回全局共有的 并行队列, 主要有四个优先级
- DISPATCH_QUEUE_PRIORITY_HIGH: QOS_CLASS_USER_INITIATED
- DISPATCH_QUEUE_PRIORITY_DEFAULT: QOS_CLASS_DEFAULT
- DISPATCH_QUEUE_PRIORITY_LOW: QOS_CLASS_UTILITY
- DISPATCH_QUEUE_PRIORITY_BACKGROUND: QOS_CLASS_BACKGROUND
dispatch_queue_t dispatch_get_global_queue(long identifier, unsigned long flags);
用户自己创建
用户可以通过设置 attr 参数,创建出 串行 或 并行的队列
dispatch_queue_t dispatch_queue_create(const char *_Nullable label,
dispatch_queue_attr_t _Nullable attr);
dispatch_get_current_queue
不要用!
dispatch queue 和 线程的关系
除了 main queue 在主线程,其他没啥关系~
- (void)mainQueueAndThread
{
NSLog(@"thread out queue: %@", [NSThread currentThread]);
dispatch_queue_t main_queue = dispatch_get_main_queue();
for (NSInteger i = 0; i< 100; i++) {
// /**
// * !!!特别注意,这里会形成死锁
// */
// dispatch_sync(main_queue, ^{
// NSLog(@"thread in main queue ,i:%@, thread:%@", @(i), [NSThread currentThread]);
// });
/**
* 通过 Log 发现,所有的任务都执行在主线程上
*/
dispatch_async(main_queue, ^{
NSLog(@"dispatch_async in main queue ,i:%@, thread:%@", @(i), [NSThread currentThread]);
});
}
}
- (void)serialQueueAndThread
{
NSLog(@"thread out queue: %@", [NSThread currentThread]);
dispatch_queue_t serial_queue = dispatch_queue_create("me.terry.MySerialQueue", DISPATCH_QUEUE_SERIAL);
for (NSInteger i = 0; i< 100; i++) {
dispatch_sync(serial_queue, ^{
NSLog(@"dispatch_sync in serial queue ,i:%@, thread:%@", @(i), [NSThread currentThread]);
});
/**
* 通过 Log 发现:
* 1. 虽然是串行队列, 但是没有对应的串行线程,任务执行在不同的线程上
* 2. 虽然使用异步派发,但是仍然遵循 FIFO
* 3. 虽然指定了队列,但是执行同步操作的时候,仍然执行在主线程上
*/
dispatch_async(serial_queue, ^{
NSLog(@"dispatch_async in serial queue ,i:%@, thread:%@", @(i), [NSThread currentThread]);
});
}
}
- (void)concurrentQueueAndThread
{
NSLog(@"thread out queue: %@", [NSThread currentThread]);
dispatch_queue_t concurrent_queue = dispatch_get_global_queue(DISPATCH_QUEUE_PRIORITY_BACKGROUND, 0);
for (NSInteger i = 0; i< 100; i++) {
/**
* 通过的 Log 发现:
* 1. 虽然指定了并行队列,但是执行同步操作的时候,仍然执行在主线程上
* 2. 并行队列 和 上述的 serial_queue 有一些线程是相同的,所以队列和线程是没有对应关系的
* 3. 异步派发,并发执行task,不遵循 FIFO了
*/
dispatch_sync(concurrent_queue, ^{
NSLog(@"dispatch_sync in concurrent queue ,i:%@, thread:%@", @(i), [NSThread currentThread]);
});
dispatch_async(concurrent_queue, ^{
NSLog(@"dispatch_async in concurrent queue ,i:%@, thread:%@", @(i), [NSThread currentThread]);
});
}
}
- (void)dispatchSyncAndThread
{
NSLog(@"main thread: %@", [NSThread mainThread]);
NSThread *testThread = [[NSThread alloc] initWithBlock:^{
NSLog(@"thread out queue: %@", [NSThread currentThread]);
dispatch_queue_t main_queue = dispatch_get_main_queue();
dispatch_queue_t serial_queue = dispatch_queue_create("me.terry.MySerialQueue", DISPATCH_QUEUE_SERIAL);
dispatch_queue_t concurrent_queue = dispatch_get_global_queue(DISPATCH_QUEUE_PRIORITY_BACKGROUND, 0);
for (NSInteger i = 0; i< 100; i++) {
/**
* 执行在主线程
*/
dispatch_sync(main_queue, ^{
NSLog(@"dispatch_sync in main queue ,i:%@, thread:%@", @(i), [NSThread currentThread]);
});
}
for (NSInteger i = 0; i< 100; i++) {
/**
* 执行在上下文线程
*/
dispatch_sync(serial_queue, ^{
NSLog(@"dispatch_sync in serial queue ,i:%@, thread:%@", @(i), [NSThread currentThread]);
});
}
for (NSInteger i = 0; i< 100; i++) {
/**
* 执行在上下文线程
*/
dispatch_sync(concurrent_queue, ^{
NSLog(@"dispatch_sync in concurrent queue ,i:%@, thread:%@", @(i), [NSThread currentThread]);
});
}
}];
[testThread start];
}
队列的操作
同步操作
void dispatch_sync(dispatch_queue_t queue, dispatch_block_t block);
dispatch_sync 会阻塞线程,不论指定同步队列还是异步队列,都会等待1执行完,才会执行2
dispatch_sync(queue, ^{
sleep(3);
// do something 1
});
// do something 2
异步操作
void dispatch_async(dispatch_queue_t queue, dispatch_block_t block);
- (void)dispatchAsyncDemo
{
dispatch_queue_t serial_queue = dispatch_queue_create("me.terry.MySerialQueue", DISPATCH_QUEUE_SERIAL);
/**
* 不论指定是串行队列还是并行队列,不会 block , 顺序 3 1 2
*/
dispatch_async(serial_queue, ^{
NSLog(@"%@",@"in async block 111");
sleep(3);
NSLog(@"%@",@"in async block 222");
});
NSLog(@"%@",@"in sync block 333");
}
dispatch_once
- (void)dispatchOnceDemo
{
NSLog(@"这个 Log 每次都会出现");
static dispatch_once_t onceToken;
dispatch_once(&onceToken, ^{
NSLog(@"这个 Log 只会出一次");
});
}
dispatch_group
- (void)dispatchGroupDemo
{
dispatch_queue_t queue = dispatch_get_global_queue(DISPATCH_QUEUE_PRIORITY_DEFAULT, 0);
dispatch_group_t dispatchGroup = dispatch_group_create();
for (NSInteger i = 0; i < 10000; i++) {
dispatch_group_async(dispatchGroup, queue, ^{
NSLog(@"dispatch Group Async Demo index:%@",@(i));
});
}
// 非阻塞
dispatch_queue_t notifyQueue = dispatch_get_main_queue();
dispatch_group_notify(dispatchGroup, notifyQueue, ^{
// Continue processing after completing tasks
NSLog(@"Dispatch Group Done with notification");
});
NSLog(@"dispatch_group_notify will not block the thread");
// 阻塞当前线程
dispatch_group_wait(dispatchGroup, DISPATCH_TIME_FOREVER);
// Continue processing after completing tasks
NSLog(@"Dispatch Group Done after blocking thread");
}
dispatch_apply
- (void)dispatchApplyDemo
{
/**
* dispatch apply 可以实现类似 dispatch group 的功能, 注意防止同步造成的死锁问题
*/
dispatch_queue_t queue = dispatch_get_global_queue(DISPATCH_QUEUE_PRIORITY_DEFAULT, 0);
dispatch_apply(1000, queue, ^(size_t i) {
NSLog(@"dispatch Apply Demo index:%@",@(i));
});
NSLog(@"Dispatch Apply Demo Done after blocking thread");
}
dispatch_barrier
- (void)dispatchBarrierDemo
{
__block NSInteger someValue = 0;
someValue = 0;
void(^readValueBlock)(void) = ^() {
NSLog(@"some value:%@", @(someValue));
};
void(^writeValueBlock)(void) = ^() {
someValue ++;
};
/**
* 这里注意 dispatch_barrier_async 只能在 使用 dispatch_queue_create 创建的 队列中使用
* 如果在 globe queue 中使用,与 dispatch_async 没有区别
* https://stackoverflow.com/questions/10808476/how-should-i-use-gcd-dispatch-barrier-async-in-ios-seems-to-execute-before-and
*/
dispatch_queue_t queue = dispatch_queue_create("12312312", DISPATCH_QUEUE_CONCURRENT);
/**
* 串行队列可以很好的防止数据竞争的问题, 但是并发队列有可能会有更好的性能
* 但是由于并发队列任务的执行顺序不能确定,可能发生数据竞争,导致最终结果不正确
*/
for (NSInteger i = 0; i < 1000; i++) {
dispatch_async(queue, readValueBlock);
}
for (NSInteger i = 0; i < 1000; i++) {
dispatch_async(queue, writeValueBlock);
}
for (NSInteger i = 0; i < 1000; i++) {
dispatch_async(queue, readValueBlock);
}
dispatch_barrier_sync(queue, ^{
someValue = 0;
NSLog(@"----------------------");
});
/**
* 使用dispatch_barrier_async 可以保证写操作执行时,不会发生数据竞争,保证最终结果正确
* 但是好像没有啥效果
*/
for (NSInteger i = 0; i < 1000; i++) {
dispatch_async(queue, readValueBlock);
}
for (NSInteger i = 0; i < 1000; i++) {
/**
* dispatch_barrier_async 中文叫栅栏函数,它等待所有位于barrier函数之前的操作执行完毕后执行,并且在barrier函数执行之后,barrier函数之后的操作才会得到执行
*/
dispatch_barrier_async(queue, writeValueBlock);
}
for (NSInteger i = 0; i < 1000; i++) {
dispatch_async(queue, readValueBlock);
}
}
dadas
- (void)dispatchSuspendAndResumeDemo
{
void(^taskBlock)(void) = ^() {
NSLog(@"task start");
sleep(2);
NSLog(@"task stop");
};
dispatch_queue_t queue = dispatch_queue_create("12312312", DISPATCH_QUEUE_SERIAL);
for (NSInteger i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
dispatch_async(queue, taskBlock);
}
dispatch_after(dispatch_time(DISPATCH_TIME_NOW, (int64_t)(3 * NSEC_PER_SEC)), dispatch_get_main_queue(), ^{
/**
* 挂起的队列,已经执行的任务仍然会继续执行,但是队列中其他没有执行的任务不会执行
*/
dispatch_suspend(queue);
NSLog(@"dispatch_suspend");
});
dispatch_after(dispatch_time(DISPATCH_TIME_NOW, (int64_t)(10 * NSEC_PER_SEC)), dispatch_get_main_queue(), ^{
/**
* 队列恢复以后,其他的任务继续执行
*/
dispatch_resume(queue);
NSLog(@"dispatch_resume");
});
}
dispatch_semephore
- (void)dispatchSemaphoreDemo
{
dispatch_queue_t queue = dispatch_get_global_queue(DISPATCH_QUEUE_PRIORITY_DEFAULT, 0);
// 不考虑顺序,向NSMutableArray 添加元素
/*
NSMutableArray *array = [NSMutableArray array];
for (NSInteger i = 0; i < 10000; i++) {
dispatch_async(queue, ^{
[array addObject:@(i)]; // 异常结束
});
}
*/
/**
* 生成信号量,
* 初始值为1 -》可访问 NSMutableArray 类对象的线程同时 只有 1 个
*/
dispatch_semaphore_t semaphore = dispatch_semaphore_create(1);
NSMutableArray *array = [NSMutableArray array];
for (NSInteger i = 0; i < 10000; i++) {
dispatch_async(queue, ^{
/**
* 计数器为 0 的时候等待,直到大于等于 1
*/
dispatch_semaphore_wait(semaphore, DISPATCH_TIME_FOREVER);
/**
* 执行到此时,计数器减 1
* 由于只有1, 所以此时 计数器为0,其他线程不会通过,保证只有一个线程
*/
[array addObject:@(i)];
/**
* 计数器+1,
* 注意:如果系统销毁时,semaphore的技术比初始值小,会认为处于 in use 的状态,会 crash
*/
dispatch_semaphore_signal(semaphore);
});
}
}