Python 的包管理工具

Pip

Pip 是 Python 的包管理工具，类似于 NPM

可以用 Pip 生成 Python 项目的依赖文件列表 requirements.text，类似于 package.json

可以从官网（PyPI）上查找依赖

安装

以下情况无需单独安装 Pip：
- 从官网下载的 Python 2（版本 >= 2.7.9）或 Python 3 （版本 >= 3.4）
- 使用 Homebrew 安装的 Python
- 使用 Virtualenv 创建的虚拟环境

下载 get-pip.py脚本
- get-pip.py
- 在命令行中执行：
  
  <pre spellcheck="false" class="md-fences md-end-block ty-contain-cm modeLoaded" lang="bash" cid="n90" mdtype="fences" style="box-sizing: border-box; overflow: visible; font-family: "Roboto Mono", "Source Sans Pro", Monaco, courier, monospace !important; font-size: 0.85rem; display: block; break-inside: avoid; text-align: left; white-space: normal; background-image: inherit; background-size: inherit; background-attachment: inherit; background-origin: inherit; background-clip: inherit; background-color: rgb(248, 248, 248) !important; position: relative !important; width: inherit; border: 1px solid rgb(244, 244, 244); -webkit-font-smoothing: initial; line-height: 1.43rem; border-top-left-radius: 2px; border-top-right-radius: 2px; border-bottom-right-radius: 2px; border-bottom-left-radius: 2px; word-wrap: normal; margin: 0.8rem 0px !important; padding: 0.3rem 0px !important; background-position: inherit inherit; background-repeat: inherit inherit;">curl https://bootstrap.pypa.io/get-pip.py -o get-pip.py</pre>
- 运行脚本
  
  <pre spellcheck="false" class="md-fences md-end-block ty-contain-cm modeLoaded" lang="bash" cid="n98" mdtype="fences" style="box-sizing: border-box; overflow: visible; font-family: "Roboto Mono", "Source Sans Pro", Monaco, courier, monospace !important; font-size: 0.85rem; display: block; break-inside: avoid; text-align: left; white-space: normal; background-image: inherit; background-size: inherit; background-attachment: inherit; background-origin: inherit; background-clip: inherit; background-color: rgb(248, 248, 248) !important; position: relative !important; width: inherit; border: 1px solid rgb(244, 244, 244); -webkit-font-smoothing: initial; line-height: 1.43rem; border-top-left-radius: 2px; border-top-right-radius: 2px; border-bottom-right-radius: 2px; border-bottom-left-radius: 2px; word-wrap: normal; margin: 0.8rem 0px !important; padding: 0.3rem 0px !important; background-position: inherit inherit; background-repeat: inherit inherit;">python get-pip.py</pre>
  - 安装 / 卸载 packages
    
    <pre spellcheck="false" class="md-fences md-end-block ty-contain-cm modeLoaded" lang="bash" cid="n83" mdtype="fences" style="box-sizing: border-box; overflow: visible; font-family: "Roboto Mono", "Source Sans Pro", Monaco, courier, monospace !important; font-size: 0.85rem; display: block; break-inside: avoid; text-align: left; white-space: normal; background-image: inherit; background-size: inherit; background-attachment: inherit; background-origin: inherit; background-clip: inherit; background-color: rgb(248, 248, 248) !important; position: relative !important; width: inherit; border: 1px solid rgb(244, 244, 244); -webkit-font-smoothing: initial; line-height: 1.43rem; border-top-left-radius: 2px; border-top-right-radius: 2px; border-bottom-right-radius: 2px; border-bottom-left-radius: 2px; word-wrap: normal; margin: 0.8rem 0px !important; padding: 0.3rem 0px !important; background-position: inherit inherit; background-repeat: inherit inherit;">pip install [package_name]
    pip uninstall [package_name]</pre>
    - 安装 requirements.txt 中的所有依赖
      
      <pre spellcheck="false" class="md-fences md-end-block ty-contain-cm modeLoaded" lang="shell" cid="n105" mdtype="fences" style="box-sizing: border-box; overflow: visible; font-family: "Roboto Mono", "Source Sans Pro", Monaco, courier, monospace !important; font-size: 0.85rem; display: block; break-inside: avoid; text-align: left; white-space: normal; background-image: inherit; background-size: inherit; background-attachment: inherit; background-origin: inherit; background-clip: inherit; background-color: rgb(248, 248, 248) !important; position: relative !important; width: inherit; border: 1px solid rgb(244, 244, 244); -webkit-font-smoothing: initial; line-height: 1.43rem; border-top-left-radius: 2px; border-top-right-radius: 2px; border-bottom-right-radius: 2px; border-bottom-left-radius: 2px; word-wrap: normal; margin: 0.8rem 0px !important; padding: 0.3rem 0px !important; background-position: inherit inherit; background-repeat: inherit inherit;">pip install -r requirements.txt</pre>
      - 生成 requirements.txt
        
        <pre spellcheck="false" class="md-fences md-end-block ty-contain-cm modeLoaded" lang="shell" cid="n112" mdtype="fences" style="box-sizing: border-box; overflow: visible; font-family: "Roboto Mono", "Source Sans Pro", Monaco, courier, monospace !important; font-size: 0.85rem; display: block; break-inside: avoid; text-align: left; white-space: normal; background-image: inherit; background-size: inherit; background-attachment: inherit; background-origin: inherit; background-clip: inherit; background-color: rgb(248, 248, 248) !important; position: relative !important; width: inherit; border: 1px solid rgb(244, 244, 244); -webkit-font-smoothing: initial; line-height: 1.43rem; border-top-left-radius: 2px; border-top-right-radius: 2px; border-bottom-right-radius: 2px; border-bottom-left-radius: 2px; word-wrap: normal; margin: 0.8rem 0px !important; padding: 0.3rem 0px !important; background-position: inherit inherit; background-repeat: inherit inherit;">pip freeze > requirements.txt</pre>
        
        查看已安装的 packages
        
        <pre spellcheck="false" class="md-fences md-end-block ty-contain-cm modeLoaded" lang="shell" cid="n119" mdtype="fences" style="box-sizing: border-box; overflow: visible; font-family: "Roboto Mono", "Source Sans Pro", Monaco, courier, monospace !important; font-size: 0.85rem; display: block; break-inside: avoid; text-align: left; white-space: normal; background-image: inherit; background-size: inherit; background-attachment: inherit; background-origin: inherit; background-clip: inherit; background-color: rgb(248, 248, 248) !important; position: relative !important; width: inherit; border: 1px solid rgb(244, 244, 244); -webkit-font-smoothing: initial; line-height: 1.43rem; border-top-left-radius: 2px; border-top-right-radius: 2px; border-bottom-right-radius: 2px; border-bottom-left-radius: 2px; word-wrap: normal; margin: 0.8rem 0px !important; padding: 0.3rem 0px !important; background-position: inherit inherit; background-repeat: inherit inherit;">pip list</pre>
        
        使用 Pip 安装
        
        <pre spellcheck="false" class="md-fences md-end-block ty-contain-cm modeLoaded" lang="shell" cid="n484" mdtype="fences" style="box-sizing: border-box; overflow: visible; font-family: "Roboto Mono", "Source Sans Pro", Monaco, courier, monospace !important; font-size: 0.85rem; display: block; break-inside: avoid; text-align: left; white-space: normal; background-image: inherit; background-size: inherit; background-attachment: inherit; background-origin: inherit; background-clip: inherit; background-color: rgb(248, 248, 248) !important; position: relative !important; width: inherit; border: 1px solid rgb(244, 244, 244); -webkit-font-smoothing: initial; line-height: 1.43rem; border-top-left-radius: 2px; border-top-right-radius: 2px; border-bottom-right-radius: 2px; border-bottom-left-radius: 2px; word-wrap: normal; margin: 0.8rem 0px !important; padding: 0.3rem 0px !important; background-position: inherit inherit; background-repeat: inherit inherit;">pip install pipenv</pre>
        
        修改配置文件 .bash_profile
        
        <pre spellcheck="false" class="md-fences md-end-block ty-contain-cm modeLoaded" lang="shell" cid="n491" mdtype="fences" style="box-sizing: border-box; overflow: visible; font-family: "Roboto Mono", "Source Sans Pro", Monaco, courier, monospace !important; font-size: 0.85rem; display: block; break-inside: avoid; text-align: left; white-space: normal; background-image: inherit; background-size: inherit; background-attachment: inherit; background-origin: inherit; background-clip: inherit; background-color: rgb(248, 248, 248) !important; position: relative !important; width: inherit; border: 1px solid rgb(244, 244, 244); -webkit-font-smoothing: initial; line-height: 1.43rem; border-top-left-radius: 2px; border-top-right-radius: 2px; border-bottom-right-radius: 2px; border-bottom-left-radius: 2px; word-wrap: normal; margin: 0.8rem 0px !important; padding: 0.3rem 0px !important; background-position: inherit inherit; background-repeat: inherit inherit;">export PATH="/Users/layla/Library/Python/3.7/bin:$PATH"</pre>
        
        安装依赖
        
        <pre spellcheck="false" class="md-fences md-end-block ty-contain-cm modeLoaded" lang="shell" cid="n511" mdtype="fences" style="box-sizing: border-box; overflow: visible; font-family: "Roboto Mono", "Source Sans Pro", Monaco, courier, monospace !important; font-size: 0.85rem; display: block; break-inside: avoid; text-align: left; white-space: normal; background-image: inherit; background-size: inherit; background-attachment: inherit; background-origin: inherit; background-clip: inherit; background-color: rgb(248, 248, 248) !important; position: relative !important; width: inherit; border: 1px solid rgb(244, 244, 244); -webkit-font-smoothing: initial; line-height: 1.43rem; border-top-left-radius: 2px; border-top-right-radius: 2px; border-bottom-right-radius: 2px; border-bottom-left-radius: 2px; word-wrap: normal; margin: 0.8rem 0px !important; padding: 0.3rem 0px !important; background-position: inherit inherit; background-repeat: inherit inherit;"># 安装指定依赖
        pipenv install [package_name]
        pipenv install [package_name] --dev
        
        根据 Pipfile 安装依赖
        
        pipenv install
        pipenv install --dev
        
        根据 Pipfile.lock 安装依赖
        
        pipenv install --ignore-pipfile</pre>
        
        <pre spellcheck="false" class="md-fences md-end-block ty-contain-cm modeLoaded" lang="shell" cid="n550" mdtype="fences" style="box-sizing: border-box; overflow: visible; font-family: "Roboto Mono", "Source Sans Pro", Monaco, courier, monospace !important; font-size: 0.85rem; display: block; break-inside: avoid; text-align: left; white-space: normal; background-image: inherit; background-size: inherit; background-attachment: inherit; background-origin: inherit; background-clip: inherit; background-color: rgb(248, 248, 248) !important; position: relative !important; width: inherit; border: 1px solid rgb(244, 244, 244); -webkit-font-smoothing: initial; line-height: 1.43rem; border-top-left-radius: 2px; border-top-right-radius: 2px; border-bottom-right-radius: 2px; border-bottom-left-radius: 2px; word-wrap: normal; margin: 0.8rem 0px !important; padding: 0.3rem 0px !important; background-position: inherit inherit; background-repeat: inherit inherit;">pipenv install -r requirements.txt
        pipenv install -r dev-requirements.txt --dev</pre>
        
        卸载依赖
        
        <pre spellcheck="false" class="md-fences md-end-block ty-contain-cm modeLoaded" lang="shell" cid="n535" mdtype="fences" style="box-sizing: border-box; overflow: visible; font-family: "Roboto Mono", "Source Sans Pro", Monaco, courier, monospace !important; font-size: 0.85rem; display: block; break-inside: avoid; text-align: left; white-space: normal; background-image: inherit; background-size: inherit; background-attachment: inherit; background-origin: inherit; background-clip: inherit; background-color: rgb(248, 248, 248) !important; position: relative !important; width: inherit; border: 1px solid rgb(244, 244, 244); -webkit-font-smoothing: initial; line-height: 1.43rem; border-top-left-radius: 2px; border-top-right-radius: 2px; border-bottom-right-radius: 2px; border-bottom-left-radius: 2px; word-wrap: normal; margin: 0.8rem 0px !important; padding: 0.3rem 0px !important; background-position: inherit inherit; background-repeat: inherit inherit;">pipenv uninstall [package_name]
        pipenv uninstall --all
        pipenv uninstall --all-dev</pre>
        
        * 执行 Python 命令但不进入虚拟环境
        
        <pre spellcheck="false" class="md-fences md-end-block ty-contain-cm modeLoaded" lang="shell" cid="n557" mdtype="fences" style="box-sizing: border-box; overflow: visible; font-family: "Roboto Mono", "Source Sans Pro", Monaco, courier, monospace !important; font-size: 0.85rem; display: block; break-inside: avoid; text-align: left; white-space: normal; background-image: inherit; background-size: inherit; background-attachment: inherit; background-origin: inherit; background-clip: inherit; background-color: rgb(248, 248, 248) !important; position: relative !important; width: inherit; border: 1px solid rgb(244, 244, 244); -webkit-font-smoothing: initial; line-height: 1.43rem; border-top-left-radius: 2px; border-top-right-radius: 2px; border-bottom-right-radius: 2px; border-bottom-left-radius: 2px; word-wrap: normal; margin: 0.8rem 0px !important; padding: 0.3rem 0px !important; background-position: inherit inherit; background-repeat: inherit inherit;">pipenv run</pre>
        
        * 查询当前项目的虚拟环境
        
        <pre spellcheck="false" class="md-fences md-end-block ty-contain-cm modeLoaded" lang="shell" cid="n542" mdtype="fences" style="box-sizing: border-box; overflow: visible; font-family: "Roboto Mono", "Source Sans Pro", Monaco, courier, monospace !important; font-size: 0.85rem; display: block; break-inside: avoid; text-align: left; white-space: normal; background-image: inherit; background-size: inherit; background-attachment: inherit; background-origin: inherit; background-clip: inherit; background-color: rgb(248, 248, 248) !important; position: relative !important; width: inherit; border: 1px solid rgb(244, 244, 244); -webkit-font-smoothing: initial; line-height: 1.43rem; border-top-left-radius: 2px; border-top-right-radius: 2px; border-bottom-right-radius: 2px; border-bottom-left-radius: 2px; word-wrap: normal; margin: 0.8rem 0px !important; padding: 0.3rem 0px !important; background-position: inherit inherit; background-repeat: inherit inherit;">pipenv --venv</pre> * 退出虚拟环境 <pre spellcheck="false" class="md-fences md-end-block ty-contain-cm modeLoaded" lang="shell" cid="n669" mdtype="fences" style="box-sizing: border-box; overflow: visible; font-family: "Roboto Mono", "Source Sans Pro", Monaco, courier, monospace !important; font-size: 0.85rem; display: block; break-inside: avoid; text-align: left; white-space: normal; background-image: inherit; background-size: inherit; background-attachment: inherit; background-origin: inherit; background-clip: inherit; background-color: rgb(248, 248, 248) !important; position: relative !important; width: inherit; border: 1px solid rgb(244, 244, 244); -webkit-font-smoothing: initial; line-height: 1.43rem; border-top-left-radius: 2px; border-top-right-radius: 2px; border-bottom-right-radius: 2px; border-bottom-left-radius: 2px; word-wrap: normal; margin: 0.8rem 0px !important; padding: 0.3rem 0px !important; background-position: inherit inherit; background-repeat: inherit inherit;">exit</pre> * [Python 最佳实践指南 2018 - 2.2\. 安装 Python 3 - Mac OS X](https://learnku.com/docs/python-guide/2018/install3-osx/3250) * [Python 最佳实践指南 2018 - 3.1\. Pipenv 和 Python 虚拟环境](https://learnku.com/docs/python-guide/2018/virtualenvs/3256) * [pip 20.0.2 documentation - Installation](https://pip.pypa.io/en/stable/installing/) * [Pipenv: A Guide to the New Python Packaging Tool](https://realpython.com/pipenv-guide/) ## 参考
        
        例如：pipenv run python main.py
        
        也可以手动安装 requirements.txt 中的依赖：
        
        Pipenv 会自动查找项目根目录下是否存在 requirements.txt 文件，并安装其中的依赖。
        
        创建并进入虚拟环境
        
        <pre spellcheck="false" class="md-fences md-end-block ty-contain-cm modeLoaded" lang="shell" cid="n504" mdtype="fences" style="box-sizing: border-box; overflow: visible; font-family: "Roboto Mono", "Source Sans Pro", Monaco, courier, monospace !important; font-size: 0.85rem; display: block; break-inside: avoid; text-align: left; white-space: normal; background-image: inherit; background-size: inherit; background-attachment: inherit; background-origin: inherit; background-clip: inherit; background-color: rgb(248, 248, 248) !important; position: relative !important; width: inherit; border: 1px solid rgb(244, 244, 244); -webkit-font-smoothing: initial; line-height: 1.43rem; border-top-left-radius: 2px; border-top-right-radius: 2px; border-bottom-right-radius: 2px; border-bottom-left-radius: 2px; word-wrap: normal; margin: 0.8rem 0px !important; padding: 0.3rem 0px !important; background-position: inherit inherit; background-repeat: inherit inherit;">pipenv shell</pre>
        
        默认会创建一个和当前目录同名的环境，如果配置了 WORKON_HOME 则该虚拟环境会存放于配置路径下
        
        常用命令
        
        安装
        
        Pipenv 会自动生成项目的配置文件 Pipfile 和 Pipfile.lock，类似于 package.json 和 package-lock.json
        
        Pipenv 集成了 Pip 和 Virtual Environment 的功能
        
        Pipenv
        
        不方便构建一致的环境
        
        需要额外的虚拟环境管理工具实现环境隔离
        
        对多个不同的环境需要维护多个 requirements.txt 文件
        
        存在的问题
  常用命令

最后编辑于：2020.02.08 19:16:08

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Python 的包管理工具

Python 的包管理工具

Pip

安装

根据 Pipfile 安装依赖

根据 Pipfile.lock 安装依赖

常用命令

安装

Pipenv

存在的问题

常用命令

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