一、简介
tftp命令用于在本机和服务器之间使用TFTP协议传输文件。TFTP是用来下载远程文件的最简单网络协议，它其于UDP协议而实现。
服务器端通过tftp-server或tftpd支持，客户端通过tftp-client或tftp支持。
二、客户端安装
通过
yum install -y tftp或apt-get install -y tftp指令安转客户端。
root@openwifi-55:~# apt-get install tftp
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree... Done
Reading state information... Done
The following NEW packages will be installed:
tftp
0 upgraded, 1 newly installed, 0 to remove and 167 not upgraded.
Need to get 16.8 kB of archives.
After this operation, 57.3 kB of additional disk space will be used.
Get:1 http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu hirsute/universe amd64 tftp amd64 0.17-23ubuntu1 [16.8 kB]
Fetched 16.8 kB in 1s (14.3 kB/s)
Selecting previously unselected package tftp.
(Reading database ... 245869 files and directories currently installed.)
Preparing to unpack .../tftp_0.17-23ubuntu1_amd64.deb ...
Unpacking tftp (0.17-23ubuntu1) ...
Setting up tftp (0.17-23ubuntu1) ...
Processing triggers for man-db (2.9.4-2) ...
root@openwifi-55:~#
三、服务器端安装
服务器端安装需要
xinetd、tftp-server(或tftpd)软件。通过apt-get或yum直接安装即可。
root@openwifi-55:~# apt-get install tftpd
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree... Done
Reading state information... Done
The following additional packages will be installed:
xinetd
The following NEW packages will be installed:
tftpd xinetd
0 upgraded, 2 newly installed, 0 to remove and 167 not upgraded.
Need to get 122 kB of archives.
After this operation, 359 kB of additional disk space will be used.
Do you want to continue? [Y/n] y
Get:1 http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu hirsute/universe amd64 xinetd amd64 1:2.3.15.3-1 [108 kB]
Get:2 http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu hirsute/universe amd64 tftpd amd64 0.17-23ubuntu1 [14.6 kB]
Fetched 122 kB in 2s (67.3 kB/s)
Selecting previously unselected package xinetd.
(Reading database ... 245876 files and directories currently installed.)
Preparing to unpack .../xinetd_1%3a2.3.15.3-1_amd64.deb ...
Unpacking xinetd (1:2.3.15.3-1) ...
Selecting previously unselected package tftpd.
Preparing to unpack .../tftpd_0.17-23ubuntu1_amd64.deb ...
Unpacking tftpd (0.17-23ubuntu1) ...
Setting up xinetd (1:2.3.15.3-1) ...
Setting up tftpd (0.17-23ubuntu1) ...
Note: xinetd currently is not fully supported by update-inetd.
Please consult /usr/share/doc/xinetd/README.Debian and itox(8).
update-inetd: warning: cannot add service, /etc/inetd.conf does not exist
Processing triggers for man-db (2.9.4-2) ...
root@openwifi-55:~#
四、配置TFTP服务器
修改或创建
/etc/xinetd.d/tftp文件，内容如下：
root@analog:~# cat /etc/xinetd.d/tftp
# default: off
# description: The tftp server serves files using the trivial file transfer \
# protocol. The tftp protocol is often used to boot diskless \
# workstations, download configuration files to network-aware printers, \
# and to start the installation process for some operating systems.
service tftp
{
socket_type = dgram
protocol = udp
wait = yes
user = root
server = /usr/sbin/in.tftpd
server_args = -s /home/tftp -c
disable = no
per_source = 11
cps = 100 2
flags = IPv4
}
注意：-s指定server根目录，-c指定可以创建文件，同时需要创建根目录(
/home/tftp)并且给予读写权限。
五、重启并检查服务
通过
service xinetd restart或etc/init.d/xinetd start指令重启服务。检查tftp服务是否启动(
netstat -a | grep tftp)
[17:03@root /home/tftp]$netstat -a | grep tftp
udp 0 0 0.0.0.0:tftp 0.0.0.0:*
root@analog:~# netstat -a | grep tftp
udp 0 0 *:tftp *:*
六、TFTP的使用命令
1、TFTP命令行
| 命令 | 格式 | 作用 | 备注 | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| tftp | tftp [ip] |
启动TFTP客户端命令行并且连接到指定的IP | IP暂时可不指定 | ||||
| connect | connect [ip] |
连接某个TFTP服务器 | |||||
| put | put [local-file] [remote-file] |
从本地上传某个文件到服务器 | |||||
| get | get [remote-file] [local-file] |
从服务器上下载某个文件 | |||||
| quit(q) | quit |
退出tftp命令行 | |||||
| verbose(v) | verbose |
切换是否显示详细的处理信息 | 默认：关 | ||||
| binary(bin) | binary |
切换到二进制传输模式 | 默认：ASCII模式 | ||||
| ascii(asc) | ascii |
切换到ASCII传输模式 | 默认：ASCII模式 | ||||
| mode | `mode [ ascii | netascii | binary | image | octet ]` | 切换文件传输模式 | |
| status | status |
显示当前的状态信息 | |||||
| trace | trace |
切换显示包路径信息 | 默认：关 | ||||
| rexmt | remxt [sec] |
设置包传输超时时间 | 单位：秒 | ||||
| timeout | timeout [sec] |
设置重传超时时间 | 单位：秒 | ||||
| help(?) | help |
显示帮助信息 |
root@openwifi-55:~# tftp
tftp> status
Not connected.
Mode: netascii Verbose: off Tracing: off
Rexmt-interval: 5 seconds, Max-timeout: 25 seconds
tftp> trace
Packet tracing on.
tftp> v
Verbose mode on.
tftp> asc
mode set to netascii
tftp> bin
mode set to octet
tftp> mode
Using octet mode to transfer files.
tftp> status
Not connected.
Mode: octet Verbose: on Tracing: on
Rexmt-interval: 5 seconds, Max-timeout: 25 seconds
tftp> connect 10.134.255.101
tftp> get a.txt aa.txt
getting from 10.134.255.101:a.txt to aa.txt [octet]
sent RRQ <file=a.txt, mode=octet>
received DATA <block=1, 3 bytes>
Received 3 bytes in 0.0 seconds [inf bits/sec]
tftp> put b.txt bb.txt
putting b.txt to 10.134.255.101:bb.txt [octet]
sent WRQ <file=bb.txt, mode=octet>
received ERROR <code=1, msg=File not found>
Error code 1: File not found
tftp> put b.txt
putting b.txt to 10.134.255.101:b.txt [octet]
sent WRQ <file=b.txt, mode=octet>
received ACK <block=0>
sent DATA <block=1, 7 bytes>
received ACK <block=1>
Sent 7 bytes in 0.0 seconds [inf bits/sec]
tftp> rexmt 10
tftp> timeout 30
tftp> status
Connected to 10.134.255.101.
Mode: octet Verbose: on Tracing: on
Rexmt-interval: 10 seconds, Max-timeout: 30 seconds
tftp>
2、Busybox的命令
命令格式：
tftp [option] ... host [port].
[option]可选值如下：-g：表示下载文件（get）
-p：表示上传文件（put）
-l：表示本地文件名（local file）
-r：表示远程主机的文件名（remote file）
如
tftp -g -r tmp.txt 10.134.255.101表示从101服务器上下载tmp.txt文件。
tftp -p -l tmp.txt 10.134.255.101表示将本地tmp.txt文件上传到101服务器。
