课前想一想
1.Do you know how the pyramids were built?
2. Will you go to visit the pyramids in the future?
3. What does "two-story" mean?
词汇装备库
1.ambitious/aemapos;bifes/(adj.)有抱负的；志向远大的；雄心勃勃的
2.hectare/'hekter/(n.)公顷
3. integrated/'intigreitid/
(adj.)综合的，完整的，互相协调的
4.excavate/'ekskeveit/
(v.)发掘；挖出
5.granite/'graenit/(n.)花岗石，花岗岩
6.subsistence/seb'sistens/(n.)活命，生存，维持生活
The family was living at subsistence level.这家人过着勉强糊口的生活。
7.reverberate/ri'v3:rbereit/
(v.)回响，回荡
Her voice reverberated around the hall.她的声音在大厅里回荡。
词句兵工厂
And they represent the zenith in royal tomb-building, huge state-sponsored civil engineering projects that used vast resources of materials, manpow-er and time .
它们代表了皇室坟墓建造的顶峰，这是庞大的，由国家支持的，动用了大量的材料、人力和时间的土木工程项目。
Note:
1.sponsor/spa:nser/
(v.)资助，赞助；支持
state-sponsored 由国家支持的，由国家赞助的
the UN-sponsored 由联合国支持的government-sponsored由政府扶持的
2.civil engineering土木工程
Concrete is one of the building materials widely used in civil engi-neering.
混凝土是当今土木工程中用途最广泛的建筑材料之一。
3.manpower/'maenpauar/
(n.)劳动力，人力
a manpower shortage / manpower short-ages人力短缺
A pool of manpower for the new in-dustries are important for our country.
从事新兴产业的一批劳动力对我们国家来说很重要。
词句兵工厂
The pyramid workers lived cheek by jowl in two-story barracks.
建造金字塔的工人们紧挨着住在两层简陋的房子里。
Note:
1.cheek/tji:k/(n.)脸颊，面颊
2.jowl/dgaul/(n.)下颌垂肉，双下巴cheek by jowl (with sb/sth)
离某人/某物很近
She and her family have to live cheek by jowl with these people她和家人不得不紧挨着这些人住着。
I saw them sitting cheek by jowl in the theatre.
我看见他们在电影院里亲昵地坐在一起。
3.two-story两层楼的
*story在美语里等同于storey,表示建筑物的层
a staircase leads to the upper story通往上一层的一段楼梯
Our office block is 20 stories high.
我们的办公大楼有20层高。
*区分：story一般用来谈论建筑的结构，floor表示某人或某物在建筑内的某地
4.barracks/'baeraks/
(n.)兵营，营房，简陋的房子
词句兵工厂
I defy any modern architect to be able to replicate this using the tools that the ancients had at their disposal.
我不相信现代的建筑师用古代人所拥有的工具能够复制这一伟大杰作。
Note:
1.defy/di'fai/(v.)对抗；违抗；反抗
It is rare to see children openly de-fying their teachers.
很少看见孩子公然跟老师作对。
The people who openly defy the law will be punished.
公然貌视法律的人会受到惩罚。
I defy sb to do sth 是一种口语表达，表示“我倒要看看某人能否做...”
I defy anyone to prove otherwise.
我倒要看看谁能提出其他证据。
2.architect/'a:rkitekt/(n.)建筑师
3.replicate/'replikeit/
(v.)使复现；重复；复制
Researchers tried many times to replicate the original experiment.
研究者们作了很多次努力，试图重复这一实验。
4.at one's disposal供某人使用/支配
I would take you if I could, but I don't have a car at my disposal this week如果可以的话，我愿意带你去，但是我这个星期没有车可以随意使用。
Having sold the house she had a large sum of money at her disposal.
卖掉房子后，她手头有一大笔钱可用。
词句兵工厂
It's a wonderful, spectacular place that affects every sense, visually, audibly. In every sense, it's beyond words, really.这真是个不可思议，令人惊奇，能够影响你每个感官的地方，视觉上，听觉上，在各个感官上，都无法用语言表达。
Note:
1. visually /'vigueli/
(adv.)视觉地；外观地
Chairs should be visually attractive as well as comfortable.
椅子既要舒适又要美观。
2.audibly/'o:debli/
(adv.)听觉上地，可听见地
He sighed audibly.
他出声叹了口气。
3.beyond words无法用语言形容的beyond repair/control/belief
无法修理/控制/相信
Hearing the story, we were moved beyond words.
听了她的故事，我们感动得难以言表。
Our excitement was beyond words when we heard the news.
当听到那个消息时，我们激动得难以言表。
语法轻知识
你知道这些名词可以作动词使用吗？
Marker sentence:
An entire city was created specifically to house the construction workers人们创造了整个城市，特别用于供建筑工人居住。
house作名词表示房子，但它还可以作动词使用，意思是为...提供住处；为..
提供空间。下面是几个类似的例子：
1.baby作动词表示把...当婴儿看待；对...娇生惯养
Your son is 18 years old now. Don't try to baby him.
你的儿子已经十八岁了，别再把他当做孩子了。
2.author作动词表示撰写，写作；编写 He has authored more than 30books.他已经写了30多本书。
3.eye作动词表示（饶有兴趣地）看 She is eyeing on my phone, and it bothers me a little.
她在盯着我的手机，这让我有点困扰。
4.storm作动词表示突袭，攻占；大发雷霆，暴怒
The fortress was stormed by hun-dreds of soldiers.
数百名士兵强行攻占了堡垒。
“Get out and never come back!"he stormed.
“滚出去，再也不准回来！”他响哮道。
5.table 作动词表示把...提交讨论，或搁置，暂缓审议
My tutor has tabled a proposal.
我的导师提交了一个提案。
The suggestion was tabled for dis-cussion at a later date.
这一提议被留待日后讨论。
实战练兵场
(2005年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题翻译节选）
Clearly, only the biggest and most flexible television companies are going to be able to compete in such a rich and hotly-contested market.48This alone demonstrates that the television business is not an easy world to survive in, a fact underlined by statistics that show that out of eighty European television networks no less than 50% took a loss in 1989.
重点解析：
This alone demonstrates that:这一点表明了...
"the television business is not an easy world to survive in"是宾语从句
“a fact”是宾语从句的同位语
"underlined by statistics"是"fact"的定语"that show that out of eighty European television networks, no less than 50%took a loss in 1989.”是“statistics”的定语
demonstrate展示，表明
underline强调
take a loss 承担损失，亏损
参考译文：仅这一点就表明电视行业不是一个容易生存的领域。一些统计数据更说明了这个事实；数据表明，在80家欧洲电视网中1989年出现亏损的不少于50%。
文化加油站
Talk show 小贴士
1.there's safety in numbers
人多势众，人多保险
2. And in case you feel unwell, they'd go out of their ways to help you. Some one will always take care of you.
如果你觉得不舒服，同伴们会想办法帮助你。总有人会照顾你。
3. If you travel with friends, you can forget about your itinerary.
如果和朋友一起旅行，你可以忘记旅游行程。
itinerary/artinereri/
(n.)旅行计划，预定行程
4. From baggage weight allowance to your hotel room and food bill, you can split the costs.
从行李限重到酒店房间和餐饮费用，你们可以分摊费用。
baggage weight allowance 行李限重
5. I am a shopaholic, you know.
你知道的，我是个购物狂。
shopaholic/Ja:pa'ha:lik/
(n.)热衷购物的人，购物狂
6. Being alone forced you to interact with other people in the hotels, make new friends, and talk to strangers.
自己一个人就迫使你去和旅馆里的其他人交流，结交新朋友，和陌生人聊天。interact/,Inter'aekt/(v.)交流，交往；互相作用，互相影响
主题打包盒
1.金字塔代表了埃及皇室坟墓建造的顶峰。其中最大的一个是胡夫金字塔，用了超过20年的时间才建成。为了建造这个雄伟的建筑，人们甚至在周边建造了一座城市供工人们居住。这座城市成为了一个自给自足的、有着八千人口的社区。食物和建筑材料从其他地区被运到这里，一切都井井有条。金字塔是埃及强大帝国的永恒见证。
2.金字塔的内部更加令人惊叹，屋顶有八米多高，是由多层的石灰石板材建成的。在胡夫国王的墓室里，墙壁和屋顶都满满堆砌了花岗岩。在这里说话，听着回音在四周回荡，仿佛回到了4500年前国王葬礼的盛况！
