为组件的props标注类型
<script setup lang="ts">
interface Props {
foo: string
bar?: number
}
const props = defineProps<Props>()
</script>
Props 解构默认值
当使用基于类型的声明时,我们失去了为 props 声明默认值的能力。这可以通过 withDefaults 编译器宏解决
export interface Props {
msg?: string
labels?: string[]
}
const props = withDefaults(defineProps<Props>(), {
msg: 'hello',
labels: () => ['one', 'two']
})
或使用响应式语法糖
<script setup lang="ts">
interface Props {
name: string
count?: number
}
// 对 defineProps() 的响应性解构
// 默认值会被编译为等价的运行时选项
const { name, count = 100 } = defineProps<Props>()
</script>
为组件的 emits 标注类型
<script setup lang="ts">
// 运行时
const emit = defineEmits(['change', 'update'])
// 基于类型
const emit = defineEmits<{
(e: 'change', id: number): void
(e: 'update', value: string): void
}>()
</script>
为 ref() 标注类型
import { ref } from 'vue'
import type { Ref } from 'vue'
const year: Ref<string | number> = ref('2020') 或者
const year = ref<string | number>('2020')
year.value = 2020 // 成功!
为 reactive() 标注类型
import { reactive } from 'vue'
interface Book {
title: string
year?: number
}
const book: Book = reactive({ title: 'Vue 3 指引' })
为 computed() 标注类型
computed() 会自动从其计算函数的返回值上推导出类型
你还可以通过泛型参数显式指定类型
const double = computed<number>(() => {
// 若返回值不是 number 类型则会报错
})
为事件处理函数标注类型
function handleChange(event: Event) {
console.log((event.target as HTMLInputElement).value)
}
为 provide / inject 标注类型
import { provide, inject } from 'vue'
import type { InjectionKey } from 'vue'
const key = Symbol() as InjectionKey<string>
provide(key, 'foo') // 若提供的是非字符串值会导致错误
const foo = inject(key) // foo 的类型:string | undefined
为模板引用标注类型
<script setup lang="ts">
import { ref, onMounted } from 'vue'
const el = ref<HTMLInputElement | null>(null)
onMounted(() => {
el.value?.focus()
})
</script>
<template>
<input ref="el" />
</template>
为组件模板引用标注类型
<!-- MyModal.vue -->
<script setup lang="ts">
import { ref } from 'vue'
const isContentShown = ref(false)
const open = () => (isContentShown.value = true)
defineExpose({
open
})
</script>
<!-- App.vue -->
<script setup lang="ts">
import MyModal from './MyModal.vue'
const modal = ref<InstanceType<typeof MyModal> | null>(null)
const openModal = () => {
modal.value?.open()
}
</script>