Lesson 4 （推断题练习）

Q1：

Nearly any kind of plant of the forest understory can be part of a deer’s diet. Where the forest inhibits the growth of grass and other meadow plants, the black-tailed deer browses on huckleberry, salad, dogwood, and almost any other shrub or herb. But this is fair-weather feeding. What keeps the black-tailed deer a lived in the harsher seasons of plant decoy and dormancy? One compensation for not hibernating is the built- in urge to migrate. Deer may move from high-elevation browse areas in summer down to the lowland areas in late fall. Even with snow on the ground, the high bushy understory is exposed; also snow and wind bring down leafy branches of cedar, hemlock, red alder, and other arboreal fodder.

It can be inferred from the discussion that winter conditions

A.cause some deer to hibernate 

B.make food unavailable in the highlands for deer

C.make it easier for deer to locate understory plants

D.prevent deer from migrating during the winter

Q2：

The areas covered by this material were so vast that the ice that deposited it must have been a continental glacier larger than Greenland or Antarctica. Eventually, Agassiz and others convinced geologists and the general public that a great continental glaciation had extended the polar ice caps far into regions that now enjoy temperate climates. For the first time, people began to talk about ice ages. It was also apparent that the glaciation occurred in the relatively recent past because the drift was soft, like freshly deposited sediment. We now know the age of the glaciation accurately from radiometric dating of the carbon – 14 in logs buried in the drift. The drift of the last glaciation was deposited during one of the most recent epochs of geologic time, the Pleistocene, which lasted from 1.8 million to 10,000 years ago. Along the east coast of the United States, the southernmost advance of this ice is recorded by the enormous sand and drift deposits of the terminal moraines that form Long Island and Cape Cod.

It can be inferred that Agassiz and other geologists of his time were not able to determine

A.which geographic regions had been covered with ice sheets in the last ice age

B.the exact dates at which drifts had been deposited during the last ice age

C.the exact composition of the drifts laid during the last ice age

D.how far south along the east coast of the United States the ice had advanced during the last ice age

Q3：

The united states dance loie fuller found theatrical dance in the late nineteenth century artistically unfulfilling. She considered herself an artist rather than a mere entertainer, and she, in turn, attracted the notice of other artists.

What can be inferred from this paragraph about theatrical dance in the late nineteenth century?

A.It influenced many artists outside of the field of dance.

B.It was very similar to theatrical dance of the early nineteenth century.

C.It was more a form of entertainment than a form of serious art.

D.It was a relatively new art form in the united states.

Q4：

Three other explanations seem more promising. One involves physiological changes relevant to memory. Maturation of the frontal lobes of the brain continues throughout early childhood, and this part of the brain may be critical for remembering particular episodes in ways that can be retrieved later. Demonstrations of infants’ and toddlers’ long-term memory have involved their repeating motor activities that they had seen or done earlier, such as reaching in the dark for objects, putting a bottle in a doll’s mouth, or pulling apart two pieces of a toy. The brain’s level of physiological maturation may support these types of memories, but not ones requiring explicit verbal descriptions.

What does paragraph 3 suggest about long-term memory in children?

A.Maturation of the frontal lobes of the brain is important for the long-term memory of motor activities but not verbal descriptions.

B.Young children may form long-term memories of actions they earlier do than of things they hear or are told.

C.Young children have better long-term recall of short verbal exchanges than of long ones.

D.Children’s long-term recall of motor activities increases when such activities are accompanied by 

Q5：

Three other explanations seem more promising. One involves physiological changes relevant to memory. Maturation of the frontal lobes of the brain continues throughout early childhood, and this part of the brain may be critical for remembering particular episodes in ways that can be retrieved later. Demonstrations of infants’ and toddlers’ long-term memory have involved their repeating motor activities that they had seen or done earlier, such as reaching in the dark for objects, putting a bottle in a doll’s mouth, or pulling apart two pieces of a toy. The brain’s level of physiological maturation may support these types of memories, but not ones requiring explicit verbal descriptions.

What does paragraph 3 suggest about long-term memory in children?

A.Maturation of the frontal lobes of the brain is important for the long-term memory of motor activities but not verbal descriptions.

B.Young children may form long-term memories of actions they earlier do than of things they hear or are told.

C.Young children have better long-term recall of short verbal exchanges than of long ones.

D.Children’s long-term recall of motor activities increases when such activities are accompanied by 

Q6：

Residence times vary enormously. They range from a few days for small lakes up to several hundred years for large ones; Lake Tahoe, in California, has a residence time of 700 years. The residence times for the Great Lakes of North America, namely, Lakes Superior, Michigan, Huron, Erie and Ontario, are, respectively, 190, 100, 22, 2.5 and 6 years. Lake Erie’s is the lowest: although its area is larger than Lake Ontario’s, its volume is less than one-third as great because it is so shallow – less than 20 meters on average.

Why does the author discuss the Great Lakes in paragraph 5?

A.To demonstrate the extent to which residence times vary form lake to lake

B.To illustrate how residence times are calculated for specific lakes

C.To argue that the residence time of a lake increases with area

D.To emphasize that Lake Tahoe’s residence time is unusually long

Q7：

This mode of craft production favored the growth of self-governing and ideologically egalitarian craft guilds everywhere in the Middle Eastern city. These were essentially professional associations that provided for the mutual aid and protection of their members, and allowed for the maintenance of professional standards. The growth of independent guilds was furthered by the fact that surplus was not a result of domestic craft production but resulted primarily from international trading; the government left working people to govern themselves, much as shepherds of tribal confederacies were left alone by their leaders. In the multiplicity of small-scale local egalitarian or quasi-egalitarian organizations for fellowship, worship, and production that flourished in this laissez-faire environment, individuals could interact with one another within a community of harmony and ideological equality, following their own popularly elected leaders and governing themselves by shared consensus while minimizing distinctions of wealth and power.

The author includes the information that “surplus was not a result of domestic craft production but resulted primarily from international trading” in order to

A.support the claim that the mode of production made possible by the craft guilds was very good for trade

B.contrast the economic base of the city government with that of the tribal confederacies

C.provide a reason why the government allowed the guilds to be self-controlled

D.suggest that the government was missing out on a valuable opportunity to tax the guilds

Q8：

Paragraph 2:

These Kinetoscope arcades were modeled on phonograph parlors, which had proven successful for Edison several years earlier. In the phonograph parlors, customers listened to recordings through individual ear tubes, moving from one machine to the next to hear different recorded speeches or pieces of music. The Kinetoscope parlors functioned in a similar way. Edison was more interested in the sale of Kinetoscopes (for roughly $1,000 apiece) to these parlors than in the films that would be run in them (which cost approximately $10 to $15 each). He refused to develop projection technology, reasoning that if he made and sold projectors, then exhibitors would purchase only one machine-a projector-from him instead of several.

The author discusses phonograph parlors in paragraph 2 in order to

A.Explain Edison's financial success

B.Describe the model used to design Kinetoscope parlors

C.Contrast their popularity to that of Kinetoscope parlors

D.Illustrate how much more technologically advanced Kinetoscope parlors were

Q9：

Paragraph 5:

The Psychodynamic Approach. Theorists adopting the psychodynamic approach hold that inner conflicts are crucial for understanding human behavior, including aggression. Sigmund Freud, for example, believed that aggressive impulses are inevitable reactions to the frustrations of daily life. Children normally desire to vent aggressive impulses on other people, including their parents, because even the most attentive parents cannot gratify all of their demands immediately. Yet children, also fearing their parents' punishment and the loss of parental love, come to repress most aggressive impulses. The Freudian perspective, in a sense: sees us as "steam engines." By holding in rather than venting "steam," we set the stage for future explosions. Pent- up aggressive impulses demand outlets. They may be expressed toward parents in indirect ways such as destroying furniture, or they may be expressed toward strangers later in life.

Freud describes people as “steam engines” in order to make the point that people

A.deliberately build up their aggression to make themselves stronger

B.usually release aggression in explosive ways

C.must vent their aggression to prevent it from building up

D.typically lose their aggression if they do not express it

Q10：

Paragraph 3:

Tunas, mackerels, and billfishes have made streamlining into an art form. Their bodies are sleek and compact. The body shapes of tunas, in fact, are nearly ideal from an engineering point of view. Most species lack scales over most of the body, making it smooth and slippery. The eyes lie flush with the body and do not protrude at all. They are also covered with a slick, transparent lid that reduces drag. The fins are stiff, smooth, and narrow, qualities that also help cut drag. When not in use, the fins are tucked into special grooves or depressions so that they lie flush with the body and do not break up its smooth contours. Airplanes retract their landing gear while in flight for the same reason.

Why does the author mention that Airplanes retract their landing gear while in flight?

A.To show that air resistance and water resistance work differently from each other

B.To argue that some fishes are better designed than airplanes are

C.To provide evidence that airplane engine have studied the design of fish bodies

D.To demonstrate a similarity in design between certain fishes and airplanes