Django中提供了“信号调度”,用于在框架执行操作时解耦。通俗来讲,就是一些动作发生的时候,信号允许特定的发送者去提醒一些接受者。
Django内置信号
Model signals
pre_init # django的model执行其构造方法前,自动触发
post_init # django的model执行其构造方法后,自动触发
pre_save # django的model对象保存前,自动触发
post_save # django的model对象保存后,自动触发
pre_delete # django的model对象删除前,自动触发
post_delete # django的model对象删除后,自动触发
m2m_changed # django的model中使用m2m字段操作第三张表(add,remove,clear)前后,自动触发
class_prepared # 程序启动时,检测已注册的app中model类,对于每一个类,自动触发
Management signals
pre_migrate # 执行migrate命令前,自动触发
post_migrate # 执行migrate命令后,自动触发
Request/response signals
request_started # 请求到来前,自动触发
request_finished # 请求结束后,自动触发
got_request_exception # 请求异常后,自动触发
Test signals
setting_changed # 使用test测试修改配置文件时,自动触发
template_rendered # 使用test测试渲染模板时,自动触发
Database Wrappers
connection_created # 创建数据库连接时,自动触发
对于Django内置的信号,仅需注册指定信号,当程序执行相应操作时,自动触发注册函数:
from django.core.signals import request_finished
from django.core.signals import request_started
from django.core.signals import got_request_exception
from django.db.models.signals import class_prepared
from django.db.models.signals import pre_init, post_init
from django.db.models.signals import pre_save, post_save
from django.db.models.signals import pre_delete, post_delete
from django.db.models.signals import m2m_changed
from django.db.models.signals import pre_migrate, post_migrate
from django.test.signals import setting_changed
from django.test.signals import template_rendered
from django.db.backends.signals import connection_created
def callback(sender, **kwargs):
print("xxoo_callback")
print(sender,kwargs)
xxoo.connect(callback)
# xxoo指上述导入的内容
from django.core.signals import request_finished
from django.dispatch import receiver
@receiver(request_finished)
def my_callback(sender, **kwargs):
print("Request finished!")
自定义信号
import django.dispatch
# 定义信号
pizza_done = django.dispatch.Signal(providing_args=["toppings", "size"])
def callback(sender, **kwargs):
print("callback")
print(sender,kwargs)
# 注册信号
pizza_done.connect(callback)
# 触发信号
pizza_done.send(sender='seven',toppings=123, size=456)
由于内置信号的触发者已经集成到Django中,所以其会自动调用,而对于自定义信号则需要开发者在任意位置触发。