创意性工作与重复性工作的区别

您的计算机是一个库，而不是一个出版设备。你可以直接控制文档的副本，你可以对文档进行注释、修改、添加链接、汇总，这是因为 memex 是一个用来思考的工具，而不是一个用来发布的工具。**

这对我们在这里的讨论至关重要，因为这些能力——链接、注释、改变、总结、复制和分享——是园艺的动词。

每个 memex 库包含您的原始材料和其他材料。没有 memex 的只读版本，因为那样做很傻。你读的任何东西都可以链接和注释。请注意，我没有回复。改变。这一点以后会很重要。

链接是相关的。这是一件大事。链接不仅仅是一种快速获取原始资料的方式。它们不是用来说，嘿，这是今天最有趣的事情。它们让你想起你需要问的问题，想起那些不会立刻显现出来的联系。

链接是由读者和作者共同制作的。这是一个我们忘记了的令人震惊的事情，但是这里的链接并不是作者的意图，而是读者的分析。在 memex 中的大多数链接是由读者而不是作者创建的。当然，在万维网上，只有作者才能确定链接。文档内部的链接说，文档只能有一组关联，至少要继续进行。

进一步延伸阅读关于memex的介绍
出自[As We May Think - The Atlantic]（https://www.notion.so/As-We-May-Think-The-Atlantic-2eb9018f3f39496fa8259a68b920bada）

引子

The repetitive processes of thought are not confined however, to matters of arithmetic and statistics. In fact, every time one combines and records facts in accordance with established logical processes, **the creative aspect of thinking is concerned only with the selection of the data and the process to be employed and the manipulation thereafter is repetitive in nature and hence a fit matter to be relegated to the machine. ** Not so much has been done along these lines, beyond the bounds of arithmetic, as might be done, primarily because of the economics of the situation. The needs of business and the extensive market obviously waiting, assured the advent of mass-produced arithmetical machines just as soon as production methods were sufficiently advanced.
然而，思维的重复过程并不局限于算术和统计问题。事实上，每次按照既定的逻辑过程组合和记录事实时，思维的创造性方面只关心数据的选择和使用的过程，其后的操作本质上是重复的，因此是合适的。被降级为机器。沿着这些路线没有做太多超出算术范围的事情，这主要是因为情况的经济性。商业的需求和广阔的市场显然在等待，保证了只要生产方法足够先进，就会出现大量生产的算术机。
A mathematician is not a man who can readily manipulate figures; often he cannot. He is not even a man who can readily perform the transformations of equations by the use of calculus. He is primarily an individual who is skilled in the use of symbolic logic on a high plane, and especially he is a man of intuitive judgment in the choice of the manipulative processes he employs.
数学家不是可以轻易操纵数字的人；通常他不能。他甚至不是一个能轻易用微积分进行方程变换的人。他首先是一个善于在高层次上使用符号逻辑的人，尤其是他在选择所采用的操作过程时具有直觉判断力的人。

选择的过程可以是索引式的，但是人脑中的选择不是

The human mind does not work that way. It operates by association. With one item in its grasp, it snaps instantly to the next that is suggested by the association of thoughts, in accordance with some intricate web of trails carried by the cells of the brain. It has other characteristics, of course; trails that are not frequently followed are prone to fade, items are not fully permanent, memory is transitory. Yet the speed of action, the intricacy of trails, the detail of mental pictures, is awe-inspiring beyond all else in nature.

Man cannot hope fully to duplicate this mental process artificially, but he certainly ought to be able to learn from it. In minor ways he may even improve, for his records have relative permanency. The first idea, however, to be drawn from the analogy concerns selection. Selection by association, rather than indexing, may yet be mechanized. One cannot hope thus to equal the speed and flexibility with which the mind follows an associative trail, but it should be possible to beat the mind decisively in regard to the permanence and clarity of the items resurrected from storage.

Consider a future device for individual use, which is a sort of mechanized private file and library. It needs a name, and, to coin one at random, "memex" will do. A memex is a device in which an individual stores all his books, records, and communications, and which is mechanized so that it may be consulted with exceeding speed and flexibility. It is an enlarged intimate supplement to his memory.

人类的思维不是这样运作的。它通过协会运作。掌握一个项目后，它会根据大脑细胞携带的一些复杂的轨迹网，立即捕捉到由思想联想暗示的下一个项目。当然，它还有其他特点；不经常遵循的轨迹容易褪色，项目不是完全永久的，记忆是短暂的。然而，动作的速度、轨迹的错综复杂、心理画面的细节，在自然界中令人惊叹。

人不能完全希望人为地复制这种心理过程，但他当然应该能够从中学习。他甚至可以在细微的方面有所提高，因为他的记录具有相对的永久性。然而，从类比中得出的第一个想法涉及选择。通过关联而不是索引进行选择可能尚未机械化。因此，人们不能希望与头脑遵循联想轨迹的速度和灵活性相提并论，但在从存储中复活的物品的持久性和清晰度方面，应该可以果断地击败头脑。

考虑未来供个人使用的设备，它是一种机械化的私人文件和库。它需要一个名字，而且，随机生成一个名字，“memex”就可以了。 memex 是一种设备，个人可以在其中存储他的所有书籍、记录和通信，并且是机械化的，因此可以以超快的速度和灵活性进行查询。这是对他记忆的放大亲密补充。

使用方法介绍

The owner of the memex, let us say, is interested in the origin and properties of the bow and arrow. Specifically he is studying why the short Turkish bow was apparently superior to the English long bow in the skirmishes of the Crusades. He has dozens of possibly pertinent books and articles in his memex. First he runs through an encyclopedia, finds an interesting but sketchy article, leaves it projected. Next, in a history, he finds another pertinent item, and ties the two together. Thus he goes, building a trail of many items. Occasionally he inserts a comment of his own, either linking it into the main trail or joining it by a side trail to a particular item. When it becomes evident that the elastic properties of available materials had a great deal to do with the bow, he branches off on a side trail which takes him through textbooks on elasticity and tables of physical constants. He inserts a page of longhand analysis of his own. Thus he builds a trail of his interest through the maze of materials available to him.

And his trails do not fade. Several years later, his talk with a friend turns to the queer ways in which a people resist innovations, even of vital interest. He has an example, in the fact that the outraged Europeans still failed to adopt the Turkish bow. In fact he has a trail on it. A touch brings up the code book. Tapping a few keys projects the head of the trail. A lever runs through it at will, stopping at interesting items, going off on side excursions. It is an interesting trail, pertinent to the discussion. So he sets a reproducer in action, photographs the whole trail out, and passes it to his friend for insertion in his own memex, there to be linked into the more general trail.

Wholly new forms of encyclopedias will appear, ready made with a mesh of associative trails running through them, ready to be dropped into the memex and there amplified.

假如说，memex 的所有者对弓箭的起源和属性很感兴趣。具体来说，他正在研究为什么在十字军东征的小规模冲突中土耳其短弓明显优于英国长弓。他的 memex 中有数十本可能相关的书籍和文章。首先，他浏览了一本百科全书，找到了一篇有趣但粗略的文章，然后将其投影出来。接下来，在历史中，他找到了另一个相关项目，并将两者联系在一起。因此，他走，建立了许多项目的踪迹。有时，他会插入自己的评论，或者将其链接到主路径，或者通过辅助路径将其连接到特定项目。当很明显可用材料的弹性特性与弓有很大关系时，他分道扬镳，带他阅读弹性教科书和物理常数表。他插入了一页自己的手写分析。因此，他通过可用的材料迷宫建立了他感兴趣的线索。

他的足迹不会消失。几年后，他与一位朋友的谈话转向了人们抵制创新的奇怪方式，即使是至关重要的创新。他举了一个例子，愤怒的欧洲人仍然没有采用土耳其弓。事实上，他有一个线索。轻触一下即可调出密码本。轻按几个键会投射出路径的头部。一个杠杆可以随意穿过它，停在有趣的项目上，在短途旅行中停下来。这是一条有趣的线索，与讨论有关。所以他设置了一个复制器，把整个轨迹拍下来，然后把它传给他的朋友，插入他自己的 memex，在那里链接到更一般的轨迹。

全新形式的百科全书将出现，准备好由贯穿它们的关联轨迹网组成，准备好放入 memex 并在那里放大。

对机械化学习和思考方式的抗拒

Presumably man's spirit should be elevated if he can better review his shady past and analyze more completely and objectively his present problems. He has built a civilization so complex that he needs to mechanize his records more fully if he is to push his experiment to its logical conclusion and not merely become bogged down part way there by overtaxing his limited memory. His excursions may be more enjoyable if he can reacquire the privilege of forgetting the manifold things he does not need to have immediately at hand, with some assurance that he can find them again if they prove important.

The applications of science have built man a well-supplied house, and are teaching him to live healthily therein. They have enabled him to throw masses of people against one another with cruel weapons. They may yet allow him truly to encompass the great record and to grow in the wisdom of race experience. He may perish in conflict before he learns to wield that record for his true good. Yet, in the application of science to the needs and desires of man, it would seem to be a singularly unfortunate stage at which to terminate the process, or to lose hope as to the outcome.

如果能更好地回顾自己阴暗的过去，更全面客观地分析自己现在的问题，想必人的精神应该得到提升。他建立了一个如此复杂的文明，以至于他需要更全面地机械化他的记录，如果他要推动他的实验得出合乎逻辑的结论，而不仅仅是因为他有限的记忆力过重而陷入困境。如果他能够重新获得忘记手头不需要的多种事物的特权，并保证如果它们证明很重要，他可以再次找到它们，那么他的旅行可能会更加愉快。

科学的应用为人类建造了一座供应充足的房子，并教会他在其中健康地生活。他们使他能够用残忍的武器将大批人扔到一起。他们可能还允许他真正地包含伟大的记录并在种族经验的智慧中成长。在他学会为了自己的真正利益而使用那个记录之前，他可能会在冲突中丧生。然而，在将科学应用于人类的需要和欲望时，似乎是一个非常不幸的阶段，在这个阶段终止这个过程，或者对结果失去希望。