1. Academic writing rules

（1）Do not use contraction (don't, shouldn't), but full spell  (do not, should not)

（2）Avoid there is/are(delete them), a lot (many/much), so, but change them into stronger word.

  (3) Use strong verb (rather than verbal noun), e.g. give assistance to--> assist

         为什么会这样？ 答案：重点在于动词上，如果是verb，像assist，则侧重assist。如果是give assistance，则重点在于give，不再是assist。