一、作业内容：习题39-41
二、习题内容
习题39 字典：容器型数据结构（dictionary）,简称dict（有在其他语言中称为hash）

ten_things="Apples Oranges Crows Telephone Light Sugar"

print("Wait there's not 10 things in that list, let's fix that.")

stuff=ten_things.split(' ')
more_stuff=["Day", "Night", "Song", "Frisbee", "Corn", "Banana", "Girl", "Boy"]

while len(stuff)!=10:
    next_one=more_stuff.pop()
    print("Adding:", next_one)
    stuff.append(next_one)
    print("There's %d items now." % len(stuff))

print("There we go:", stuff)

print("Let's do some things with stuff.")

print(stuff[1])
print(stuff[-1])
print(stuff.pop())
print(''.join(stuff))
print('#'.join(stuff[3:5]))

结果：

Wait there's not 10 things in that list, let's fix that.
Adding: Boy
There's 7 items now.
Adding: Girl
There's 8 items now.
Adding: Banana
There's 9 items now.
Adding: Corn
There's 10 items now.
There we go: ['Apples', 'Oranges', 'Crows', 'Telephone', 'Light', 'Sugar', 'Boy', 'Girl', 'Banana', 'Corn']
Let's do some things with stuff.
Oranges
Corn
Corn
ApplesOrangesCrowsTelephoneLightSugarBoyGirlBanana
Telephone#Light

注意：我终于明白自己一头又一头雾水的原因，一是要跟住节奏信息准确（我用第三版的笨办法，习题内容和语言略有晦涩），二是要在原有代码的基础上不停扩展新知识，比如这里的join(), split(), pop(),len(), stuff[1], stuff[-1], stuff[3:5]对于零基础的人，你都需要明白他们的作用，你才能构建自己与计算机说话的语言。

习题40：字典

stuff={'name': 'Zed', 'age': 36, 'height': 6*12+2}
print(stuff['name'])
print(stuff['age'])
print(stuff['height'])
stuff['city'] ="San Francisco"
print(stuff['city'])
stuff[1]="Wow"
stuff[2]="Neato"
print(stuff[1])
print(stuff[2])
print(stuff)

del stuff['city']
del stuff[1]
del stuff[2]
print(stuff)

结果：

Zed
36
74
San Francisco
Wow
Neato
{'name': 'Zed', 'age': 36, 'height': 74, 'city': 'San Francisco', 1: 'Wow', 2: 'Neato'}
{'name': 'Zed', 'age': 36, 'height': 74}

cties={'CA': 'San Francisco', 'MI':'Detroit', 'FL':'Jacksonville'}
cities['NY']='New York'
cities['OR']='Portland'

def find_city(themap, state):
    if state in themap:
        return(themap[state])
    else:
        return("Not found.")

cities['_find']= find_city

while True:
    print("state? (ENTER to quit)",)
    state=input(">")
    if not state: break
    city_found=cities['_find'](cities, state)
    print(city_found)

结果：

state? (ENTER to quit)
>CA
San Francisco
state? (ENTER to quit)
>MI
Detroit
state? (ENTER to quit)
>FL
Jacksonville
state? (ENTER to quit)
>0
Not found.
state? (ENTER to quit)
>OR
Portland
state? (ENTER to quit)
>VT
Not found.
state? (ENTER to quit)
>

注意：字典和列表有何不同,列表是有序排列的一些物件，而字典是将一些物件（keys）对应到另外一些物件（values）的数据结构。之于字典：可以把字典当做一个“查询表”，各种你需要通过某个值去查看另外一个值的场合；之于列表：专供有序排列的数据使用的，只要知道索引就可查到对应的值。此外，函数也可以作为变量，函数“def find_city"放到cities的字典中，并将其标记为‘_find’,因此我们可以调用它。

习题41.

from sys import exit
from random import randint
def death():
    quips = ["You died. You kinda suck at this.",
             "Nice job, you died ... jackass.",
             "Such a luser.",
             "I have a small puppy that's better at this."]
    print(quips[randint(0, len(quips)-1)])
    exit(1)

def central_corridor():
    print("The Gothons of Planet Percel # 25have invaded your ship and destroyed")
    print("your entire crew. You are the last surviving member and your last")
    print("mission is to get the neutron destruct bomb from the Weapons Armory,")
    print("put it in the bridge, and blow the ship up after getting into an")
    print("escape pod.")
    print("\n")
    print("You're running down the central corridor to the Weapon Armory when")
    print(" a Gothon jumps out, red scaly skin, dark grimy teeth, and evil clown costume")
    print("flowing around his hate filled body. He's blocking the door to the")
    print("Armory and about to pull a weapon to blast you.")

    action = input(">")

    if action == "shoot!":
        print("Quick on the draw you yank out your blaster and fire it at the Gothon.")
        print("His clown costume is flowing and moving around his body, which throws")
        print("off your aim. Your laster hits his costume but misses him entirely. This")
        print("completely ruins his brand new costume his mother bought him, which")
        print("makes him fly into an insane rage and blast you repeatedly in the face until")
        print("you are dead. Then he eats you.")

        return('death')
    elif action=="dodge!":
        print("Like a world class boxer you dodge, weave, slip and slide right")
        print("as the Gothon's blaster cranks a laster past your head.")
        print("In the middle of your artful dodge your foot slips and you")
        print("bang your head on the metal wall and pass out.")
        print("You wake up shortly after only to die as the Gothon stomps on")
        print("your head and eats you.")
        return('death')
    elif action=="tell a joke":
        print("Lucky for you they made you learn Gothon insults in the academy.")
        print("You tell the one Gothon joke you know:")
        print("Lbhe zbgure vf fb sng, jura fur fvgf nebhaq gur ubhfr, fur fvgf nebhaq gur ubhfr.")
        print("The Gothon stops, tries not to laugh, then busts out laughing and can't move.")
        print("While he's laughing you run up and shoot him square in the head")
        print("The Gothon stops, tries not to laugh, then busts out laughing and can't move.")
        print("While he's laughing you run up and shoot him square in the head")
        print("putting him down, then jump through the Weapon Armory door.")
        return('laser_weapon_armory')

    else:
        print("DOES NOT COMPUTER!")
        return('central_corridor')

def laser_weapon_armory():
    print("You do a dive roll into the Weapon Armory, crouch and scan the room")
    print("for more Gothons that might be hiding. It's dead quiet, too quiet.")
    print("You stand up and run to the far side of the room and find the")
    print("neutron bomb in its container. There's a keypad lock on the box")
    print("and you need the code to get the bomb out. If you get the code")
    print("wrong 10 times then the lock closes forever and you can't")
    print("get the bomb. The code is 3 digits.")
    code = "%d%d%d" % (randint(1, 9), randint(1,9), randint(1,9))
    guess=input("[keypad]>")
    guesses=0
    while guess != code and guesses <10:
        print("BZZZZEDDD!")
        guesses+=1
        guess=input("[keypad]>")
    if guess==code:
        print("The container clicks open and the seal breaks, letting gas out.")
        print("You grab the neutron bomb and run as fast as you can to the")
        print("bridge where you must place it in the right spot.")
        return('the_bridge')
    else:
        print("The lock buzzes one last time and then you hear a sickening")
        print("melting sound as the mechanism is fused together.")
        print("You decide to sit there, and finally the Gothons blow up the")
        print("ship from their ship and you die.")
        return('death')
def the_bridge():
    print("Your burst onto the Bridge with the neutron destruct bomb")
    print("under your arm and surprise 5 Gothons who are trying to")
    print("take control of the ship. Each of them has an even uglier")
    print("clown costume than the last. They haven't pulled their")
    print("weapon out yet, as they see the active bomb under your")
    print("arm and don't want to set it off.")
    action=input(">")

    if action=="throw the bomb":
        print("In a panic you throw the bomb at the group of Gothons")
        print("and make a leap for the door. Right as you drop it a")
        print("Gothon shoots you right in the back killing you.")
        print("As you die you see another Gothon frantically try to disarm")
        print("the bomb. You die knowing they will probably blow up when")
        print("it goes off.")
        return('death')
    elif action=="slowly place the bomb":
        print("You point your blaster at the bomb under your arm")
        print("and the Gothons put their hands up and start to sweat.")
        print("You inch backward to the door, open it and then carefully")
        print("place the bomb on the floor, pointing your blaster at it.")
        print("You then jump back through the door, punch the close button")
        print("and blast the lock so the Gothons can't get out.")
        print("Now that the bomb is placed you run to the escape pod to")
        print("get off this tin can.")
        return('escape_pod')
    else:
        print("DOES NOT COMPUTE!")
        return("the_bridge")
def escape_pod():
    print("You rush through the ship desperately trying to make it to")
    print("now need to pick one to take. Some of them could be damaged")
    print("but you don't have time to look. There's 5 pods, which one")
    print("do you take?")
    good_pod=randint(1,5)
    guess=input("[pod #]> ")


    if int(guess) != good_pod:
        print("You jump into pod %s and hit the eject button." % guess)
        print("The pod escapes out into the void of space, then")
        print("implodes as the hull ruptures, crushing your body")
        print("into jam jelly.")
        return('death')
    else:
        print("you jump into pod %s and hit the eject button." % guess)
        print("The pod easily slides out into space heading to")
        print("the planet below. As it flies to the planet, you look")
        print("back and see your ship implode then explode like a")
        print("bright star, taking out the Gothon ship at the same")
        print("time. You won!")
        exit(0)


ROOMS={'death': death,
       'central_corridor': central_corridor,
       'laser_weapon_armory': laser_weapon_armory,
       'the_bridge':the_bridge,
       'escape_pod':escape_pod}

def runner(map, start):
    next=start
    while True:
        room=map[next]
        print("\n--------")
        next=room()

runner(ROOMS, 'central_corridor')

结果：

--------
The Gothons of Planet Percel # 25have invaded your ship and destroyed
your entire crew. You are the last surviving member and your last
mission is to get the neutron destruct bomb from the Weapons Armory,
put it in the bridge, and blow the ship up after getting into an
escape pod.


You're running down the central corridor to the Weapon Armory when
 a Gothon jumps out, red scaly skin, dark grimy teeth, and evil clown costume
flowing around his hate filled body. He's blocking the door to the
Armory and about to pull a weapon to blast you.
> dodge!
DOES NOT COMPUTER!

--------
The Gothons of Planet Percel # 25have invaded your ship and destroyed
your entire crew. You are the last surviving member and your last
mission is to get the neutron destruct bomb from the Weapons Armory,
put it in the bridge, and blow the ship up after getting into an
escape pod.


You're running down the central corridor to the Weapon Armory when
 a Gothon jumps out, red scaly skin, dark grimy teeth, and evil clown costume
flowing around his hate filled body. He's blocking the door to the
Armory and about to pull a weapon to blast you.
>tell a joke
Lucky for you they made you learn Gothon insults in the academy.
You tell the one Gothon joke you know:
Lbhe zbgure vf fb sng, jura fur fvgf nebhaq gur ubhfr, fur fvgf nebhaq gur ubhfr.
The Gothon stops, tries not to laugh, then busts out laughing and can't move.
While he's laughing you run up and shoot him square in the head
The Gothon stops, tries not to laugh, then busts out laughing and can't move.
While he's laughing you run up and shoot him square in the head
putting him down, then jump through the Weapon Armory door.

--------
You do a dive roll into the Weapon Armory, crouch and scan the room
for more Gothons that might be hiding. It's dead quiet, too quiet.
You stand up and run to the far side of the room and find the
neutron bomb in its container. There's a keypad lock on the box
and you need the code to get the bomb out. If you get the code
wrong 10 times then the lock closes forever and you can't
get the bomb. The code is 3 digits.
[keypad]>123
BZZZZEDDD!
[keypad]>234
BZZZZEDDD!
[keypad]>345
BZZZZEDDD!
[keypad]>456
BZZZZEDDD!
[keypad]>567
BZZZZEDDD!
[keypad]>678
BZZZZEDDD!
[keypad]>789
BZZZZEDDD!
[keypad]>384
BZZZZEDDD!
[keypad]>764
BZZZZEDDD!
[keypad]>354
BZZZZEDDD!
[keypad]>263
The lock buzzes one last time and then you hear a sickening
melting sound as the mechanism is fused together.
You decide to sit there, and finally the Gothons blow up the
ship from their ship and you die.

--------
Nice job, you died ... jackass.

学习到这里，真心感到程序员的工作还是很有意思的，尽管学习中有很多懵懵懂懂的地方，但却也发现了这些功效的有趣之处！