版本：针对MongoDB 5.0
官方文档：https://docs.mongodb.com/manual/tutorial/deploy-replica-set/#overview
第一步：准备三台服务器 （副本集应该总是有奇数个成员。确保选举的顺利进行）
192.168.223.133 PRIMARY
192.168.223.134 SECONDARY
192.168.223.135 SECONDARY
# 分别修改主机名
192.168.223.133 hostnamectl set-hostname mongodb01.node
192.168.223.134 hostnamectl set-hostname mongodb02.node
192.168.223.135 hostnamectl set-hostname mongodb03.node
# 分别配置/etc/hosts
vim /etc/hosts
## 在hosts文件中增加下面的配置
192.168.223.133 mongodb01.node
192.168.223.134 mongodb02.node
192.168.223.135 mongodb03.node
第二步：安装MongoDB，增加副本集参数配置
# 安装mongodb
sudo yum install -y mongodb-org
# 设置防火墙
firewall-cmd --zone=public --add-port=27017/tcp --permanent
firewall-cmd --reload
# 修改配置文件/etc/mongod.conf
# mongod.conf
...
# 修改bindIp
net:
port: 27017
bindIp: localhost,mongodb01.node # 绑定本机的IP或者主机名
# 副本集配置
replication:
oplogSizeMB: 102 # 对于64位系统，oplog通常是可用磁盘空间的5%。
replSetName: rs0
# 启动/重新启动mongodb
systemctl start mongod
systemctl restart mongod
第三步：副本集初始化以及配置
# 随便连接一个mongodb实例
mongo mongodb://mongodb01.node:27017/test
# 使用rs.help()可以查看副本集所有的操作方法
> rs.help()
# 初始化副本集 此处需要注意第一个"_id"表示副本集的名称，就是配置文件中配置的”replSetName“
> rs.initiate({_id:'rs0',members:[
{_id:1,host:'mongodb01.node:27017'},
{_id:3,host:'mongodb02.node:27017'},
{_id:2,host:'mongodb03.node:27017'}
]})
# 当然也可以选择先配置一个节点 然后加入使用rs.add()加入其他节点， 如下:
> rs.initiate({_id:'rs0',members:[{_id:1,host:'mongodb01.node:27017'}]})
rs0:PRIMARY> rs.add('mongodb02.node:27017')
rs0:PRIMARY> rs.add('mongodb03.node:27017')
# 初始化以后会看到客户端shell变成了”rs0:PRIMARY“
# 使用rs.status()查看副本集群的状态
# mongodb01.node:27017状态: "PRIMARY"
# mongodb02.node:27017和mongodb03.node:27017状态: "SECONDARY"
rs0:SECONDARY> rs.status()
{
"set" : "rs0",
"date" : ISODate("2021-12-15T07:33:26.513Z"),
"myState" : 1,
"term" : NumberLong(2),
"syncSourceHost" : "",
"syncSourceId" : -1,
"heartbeatIntervalMillis" : NumberLong(2000),
"majorityVoteCount" : 2,
"writeMajorityCount" : 2,
"votingMembersCount" : 3,
"writableVotingMembersCount" : 3,
"optimes" : {
"lastCommittedOpTime" : {
"ts" : Timestamp(1639553603, 1),
"t" : NumberLong(2)
},
"lastCommittedWallTime" : ISODate("2021-12-15T07:33:23.687Z"),
"readConcernMajorityOpTime" : {
"ts" : Timestamp(1639553603, 1),
"t" : NumberLong(2)
},
"appliedOpTime" : {
"ts" : Timestamp(1639553603, 1),
"t" : NumberLong(2)
},
"durableOpTime" : {
"ts" : Timestamp(1639553603, 1),
"t" : NumberLong(2)
},
"lastAppliedWallTime" : ISODate("2021-12-15T07:33:23.687Z"),
"lastDurableWallTime" : ISODate("2021-12-15T07:33:23.687Z")
},
"lastStableRecoveryTimestamp" : Timestamp(1639553549, 1),
"electionCandidateMetrics" : {
"lastElectionReason" : "stepUpRequestSkipDryRun",
"lastElectionDate" : ISODate("2021-12-15T07:33:03.635Z"),
"electionTerm" : NumberLong(2),
"lastCommittedOpTimeAtElection" : {
"ts" : Timestamp(1639553575, 1),
"t" : NumberLong(1)
},
"lastSeenOpTimeAtElection" : {
"ts" : Timestamp(1639553575, 1),
"t" : NumberLong(1)
},
"numVotesNeeded" : 2,
"priorityAtElection" : 1,
"electionTimeoutMillis" : NumberLong(10000),
"priorPrimaryMemberId" : 1,
"numCatchUpOps" : NumberLong(0),
"newTermStartDate" : ISODate("2021-12-15T07:33:03.671Z"),
"wMajorityWriteAvailabilityDate" : ISODate("2021-12-15T07:33:03.699Z")
},
"electionParticipantMetrics" : {
"votedForCandidate" : true,
"electionTerm" : NumberLong(1),
"lastVoteDate" : ISODate("2021-12-15T07:26:29.091Z"),
"electionCandidateMemberId" : 1,
"voteReason" : "",
"lastAppliedOpTimeAtElection" : {
"ts" : Timestamp(1639553178, 1),
"t" : NumberLong(-1)
},
"maxAppliedOpTimeInSet" : {
"ts" : Timestamp(1639553178, 1),
"t" : NumberLong(-1)
},
"priorityAtElection" : 1
},
"members" : [
{
"_id" : 1,
"name" : "mongodb01.node:27017",
"health" : 0,
"state" : 8,
"stateStr" : "(not reachable/healthy)",
"uptime" : 0,
"optime" : {
"ts" : Timestamp(0, 0),
"t" : NumberLong(-1)
},
"optimeDurable" : {
"ts" : Timestamp(0, 0),
"t" : NumberLong(-1)
},
"optimeDate" : ISODate("1970-01-01T00:00:00Z"),
"optimeDurableDate" : ISODate("1970-01-01T00:00:00Z"),
"lastAppliedWallTime" : ISODate("2021-12-15T07:33:13.685Z"),
"lastDurableWallTime" : ISODate("2021-12-15T07:33:13.685Z"),
"lastHeartbeat" : ISODate("2021-12-15T07:33:25.726Z"),
"lastHeartbeatRecv" : ISODate("2021-12-15T07:33:18.704Z"),
"pingMs" : NumberLong(1),
"lastHeartbeatMessage" : "Error connecting to mongodb01.node:27017 (192.168.223.133:27017) :: caused by :: Connection refused",
"syncSourceHost" : "",
"syncSourceId" : -1,
"infoMessage" : "",
"configVersion" : 1,
"configTerm" : 2
},
{
"_id" : 2,
"name" : "mongodb03.node:27017",
"health" : 1,
"state" : 2,
"stateStr" : "SECONDARY",
"uptime" : 428,
"optime" : {
"ts" : Timestamp(1639553603, 1),
"t" : NumberLong(2)
},
"optimeDurable" : {
"ts" : Timestamp(1639553603, 1),
"t" : NumberLong(2)
},
"optimeDate" : ISODate("2021-12-15T07:33:23Z"),
"optimeDurableDate" : ISODate("2021-12-15T07:33:23Z"),
"lastAppliedWallTime" : ISODate("2021-12-15T07:33:23.687Z"),
"lastDurableWallTime" : ISODate("2021-12-15T07:33:23.687Z"),
"lastHeartbeat" : ISODate("2021-12-15T07:33:25.715Z"),
"lastHeartbeatRecv" : ISODate("2021-12-15T07:33:25.714Z"),
"pingMs" : NumberLong(1),
"lastHeartbeatMessage" : "",
"syncSourceHost" : "mongodb02.node:27017",
"syncSourceId" : 3,
"infoMessage" : "",
"configVersion" : 1,
"configTerm" : 2
},
{
"_id" : 3,
"name" : "mongodb02.node:27017",
"health" : 1,
"state" : 1,
"stateStr" : "PRIMARY",
"uptime" : 632,
"optime" : {
"ts" : Timestamp(1639553603, 1),
"t" : NumberLong(2)
},
"optimeDate" : ISODate("2021-12-15T07:33:23Z"),
"lastAppliedWallTime" : ISODate("2021-12-15T07:33:23.687Z"),
"lastDurableWallTime" : ISODate("2021-12-15T07:33:23.687Z"),
"syncSourceHost" : "",
"syncSourceId" : -1,
"infoMessage" : "",
"electionTime" : Timestamp(1639553583, 1),
"electionDate" : ISODate("2021-12-15T07:33:03Z"),
"configVersion" : 1,
"configTerm" : 2,
"self" : true,
"lastHeartbeatMessage" : ""
}
],
"ok" : 1,
"$clusterTime" : {
"clusterTime" : Timestamp(1639553603, 1),
"signature" : {
"hash" : BinData(0,"AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA="),
"keyId" : NumberLong(0)
}
},
"operationTime" : Timestamp(1639553603, 1)
}
第四步：测试数据同步
## 主节点操作：
# 新建并切换数据库 my
rs0:PRIMARY> use my
# 新建集合并插入数据
rs0:PRIMARY> db.col00.insert({name:"user01"})
## 从节点操作
# 从节点默认不能查询操作 需要执行rs.secondaryOk()允许操作
rs0:SECONDARY> rs.secondaryOk()
# 查询主节点创建的数据 如果可以查到说明搭建成功
rs0:SECONDARY> db.col00.find()
第四步：测试风险转移
## 将主节点mongodb01.node:27017实例关闭
systeml stop mongod
# 连接从节点mongodb02.node:27017查看集群状态 发现mongodb02.node:27017成为了主节点
rs0:PRIMARY> rs.status()
{
"set" : "rs0",
"date" : ISODate("2021-12-13T07:05:56.087Z"),
"myState" : 1,
"term" : NumberLong(2),
"syncSourceHost" : "",
"syncSourceId" : -1,
"heartbeatIntervalMillis" : NumberLong(2000),
"majorityVoteCount" : 2,
"writeMajorityCount" : 2,
"votingMembersCount" : 3,
"writableVotingMembersCount" : 3,
"optimes" : {
"lastCommittedOpTime" : {
"ts" : Timestamp(1639379146, 1),
"t" : NumberLong(2)
},
"lastCommittedWallTime" : ISODate("2021-12-13T07:05:46.369Z"),
"readConcernMajorityOpTime" : {
"ts" : Timestamp(1639379146, 1),
"t" : NumberLong(2)
},
"appliedOpTime" : {
"ts" : Timestamp(1639379146, 1),
"t" : NumberLong(2)
},
"durableOpTime" : {
"ts" : Timestamp(1639379146, 1),
"t" : NumberLong(2)
},
"lastAppliedWallTime" : ISODate("2021-12-13T07:05:46.369Z"),
"lastDurableWallTime" : ISODate("2021-12-13T07:05:46.369Z")
},
"lastStableRecoveryTimestamp" : Timestamp(1639379146, 1),
"electionCandidateMetrics" : {
"lastElectionReason" : "stepUpRequestSkipDryRun",
"lastElectionDate" : ISODate("2021-12-13T07:05:26.351Z"),
"electionTerm" : NumberLong(2),
"lastCommittedOpTimeAtElection" : {
"ts" : Timestamp(1639379123, 1),
"t" : NumberLong(1)
},
"lastSeenOpTimeAtElection" : {
"ts" : Timestamp(1639379123, 1),
"t" : NumberLong(1)
},
"numVotesNeeded" : 2,
"priorityAtElection" : 1,
"electionTimeoutMillis" : NumberLong(10000),
"priorPrimaryMemberId" : 1,
"numCatchUpOps" : NumberLong(0),
"newTermStartDate" : ISODate("2021-12-13T07:05:26.365Z"),
"wMajorityWriteAvailabilityDate" : ISODate("2021-12-13T07:05:26.372Z")
},
"members" : [
{
"_id" : 1,
"name" : "192.168.223.133:27017",
"health" : 0,
"state" : 8,
"stateStr" : "(not reachable/healthy)",
"uptime" : 0,
"optime" : {
"ts" : Timestamp(0, 0),
"t" : NumberLong(-1)
},
"optimeDurable" : {
"ts" : Timestamp(0, 0),
"t" : NumberLong(-1)
},
"optimeDate" : ISODate("1970-01-01T00:00:00Z"),
"optimeDurableDate" : ISODate("1970-01-01T00:00:00Z"),
"lastAppliedWallTime" : ISODate("2021-12-13T07:05:36.368Z"),
"lastDurableWallTime" : ISODate("2021-12-13T07:05:36.368Z"),
"lastHeartbeat" : ISODate("2021-12-13T07:05:54.436Z"),
"lastHeartbeatRecv" : ISODate("2021-12-13T07:05:41.406Z"),
"pingMs" : NumberLong(0),
"lastHeartbeatMessage" : "Error connecting to 192.168.223.133:27017 :: caused by :: Connection refused",
"syncSourceHost" : "",
"syncSourceId" : -1,
"infoMessage" : "",
"configVersion" : 11,
"configTerm" : 2
},
{
"_id" : 2,
"name" : "192.168.223.129:27017",
"health" : 1,
"state" : 1,
"stateStr" : "PRIMARY",
"uptime" : 4548,
"optime" : {
"ts" : Timestamp(1639379146, 1),
"t" : NumberLong(2)
},
"optimeDate" : ISODate("2021-12-13T07:05:46Z"),
"lastAppliedWallTime" : ISODate("2021-12-13T07:05:46.369Z"),
"lastDurableWallTime" : ISODate("2021-12-13T07:05:46.369Z"),
"syncSourceHost" : "",
"syncSourceId" : -1,
"infoMessage" : "",
"electionTime" : Timestamp(1639379126, 1),
"electionDate" : ISODate("2021-12-13T07:05:26Z"),
"configVersion" : 11,
"configTerm" : 2,
"self" : true,
"lastHeartbeatMessage" : ""
},
{
"_id" : 3,
"name" : "192.168.223.130:27017",
"health" : 1,
"state" : 2,
"stateStr" : "SECONDARY",
"uptime" : 1139,
"optime" : {
"ts" : Timestamp(1639379146, 1),
"t" : NumberLong(2)
},
"optimeDurable" : {
"ts" : Timestamp(1639379146, 1),
"t" : NumberLong(2)
},
"optimeDate" : ISODate("2021-12-13T07:05:46Z"),
"optimeDurableDate" : ISODate("2021-12-13T07:05:46Z"),
"lastAppliedWallTime" : ISODate("2021-12-13T07:05:46.369Z"),
"lastDurableWallTime" : ISODate("2021-12-13T07:05:46.369Z"),
"lastHeartbeat" : ISODate("2021-12-13T07:05:54.414Z"),
"lastHeartbeatRecv" : ISODate("2021-12-13T07:05:54.419Z"),
"pingMs" : NumberLong(0),
"lastHeartbeatMessage" : "",
"syncSourceHost" : "192.168.223.129:27017",
"syncSourceId" : 2,
"infoMessage" : "",
"configVersion" : 11,
"configTerm" : 2
}
],
"ok" : 1,
"$clusterTime" : {
"clusterTime" : Timestamp(1639379146, 1),
"signature" : {
"hash" : BinData(0,"AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA="),
"keyId" : NumberLong(0)
}
},
"operationTime" : Timestamp(1639379146, 1)
}
