20191230--11章-- grep sed awk

ifconfig 取出IP

[root@zhangguokui ~]# ifconfig eth0|sed -rn '2s#^.*dr:(.*)Bc.*$#\1#gp'
192.168.144.129
  • ^ ^oldboy 代表以oldboy开头的行
  • $ oldboy$ 以oldboy为结尾
  • ^$ 空行
  • . 匹配任意一个字符（不能空行）
  • \ 转义，取消特殊含义
  • * 匹配前一个字符
  • .* 匹配所有内容
  • ^.* 匹配任何多个字符开头
  • .*$ 匹配任意多个字符结尾
  • [abc] 匹配[]集合内任意一个字符a或b或c
  • [^abc] 匹配不包含^后的任意字符，a或b或c，这里的^表示对[abc] 取反
[root@zhangguokui test]# cat -n oldboy.txt
     1  I am oldboy teacher!
     2  i teach linux
     3
     4  i like badminton ball ,billiard ball and chinese chess!
     5  our site is http://www.oldboyedu.com
     6  my qq num is 49000448.
     7
     8  not 4900000448.
     9  my god , i am not oldbey,but OLDBOY!

^m 输出m开头的所有行且打行号

[root@zhangguokui test]# grep -n "^m" oldboy.txt 
6:my qq num is 49000448.
9:my god , i am not oldbey,but OLDBOY!

m$ 输出以m结尾的行

[root@zhangguokui test]# grep -n "m$" oldboy.txt
5:our site is http://www.oldboyedu.com

^$ 显示空行

[root@zhangguokui test]# grep "^$" -n oldboy.txt
3:
7:

. 匹配任意字符（即不显示空行）

[root@zhangguokui test]# grep "." -n oldboy.txt
1:I am oldboy teacher!
2:i teach linux
4:i like badminton ball ,billiard ball and chinese chess!
5:our site is http://www.oldboyedu.com
6:my qq num is 49000448.
8:not 4900000448.
9:my god , i am not oldbey,but OLDBOY!

\.$ 显示以点.为结尾的行，注意用撬棍\，不用撬棍就变成任意字符结尾

[root@zhangguokui test]# grep "\.$" -n oldboy.txt 
6:my qq num is 49000448.
8:not 4900000448.

0* 输出连续出现0及0次以上数字0的内容（*表示前一个字符连续出现0次）

[root@zhangguokui test]# grep "0*" -n oldboy.txt
1:I am oldboy teacher!
...
9:my god , i am not oldbey,but OLDBOY!

.* 所有内容，包括空行

[root@zhangguokui test]# grep ".*" -n oldboy.txt
1:I am oldboy teacher!
2:i teach linux
3:
...
9:my god , i am not oldbey,but OLDBOY!

[]匹配所有大写

[root@zhangguokui test]# grep [A-Z] -n oldboy.txt
1:I am oldboy teacher!
9:my god , i am not oldbey,but OLDBOY!

0+ 0出现1次或多次

[root@zhangguokui test]# egrep '0+' oldboy.txt
my qq num is 49000448.
not 4900000448.

| 或者

[root@zhangguokui test]# egrep '3307|3308' /etc/services 
opsession-prxy  3307/tcp                # OP Session Proxy
opsession-prxy  3307/udp                # OP Session Proxy
tns-server      3308/tcp                # TNS Server
tns-server      3308/udp                # TNS Server

\b单词边界，只匹配单词不匹配字符串

[root@zhangguokui test]# grep "like\b" oldboy.txt
i like badminton ball ,billiard ball and chinese chess!
  • egrep "(oldboy)(oldgirl)(littleboy)"\1\2\3 分别对应前面的()

{n,m} 重复前一个字符各种次数

[root@zhangguokui test]# egrep "0{3,5}" oldboy.txt   #<==3到5次
my qq num is 49000448.
not 4900000448.
[root@zhangguokui test]# egrep "0{,5}" oldboy.txt   #<==最多5次
I am oldboy teacher!
i teach linux

i like badminton ball ,billiard ball and chinese chess!
our site is http://www.oldboyedu.com
my qq num is 49000448.

not 4900000448.
my god , i am not oldbey,but OLDBOY!
[root@zhangguokui test]# egrep "0{3,}" oldboy.txt    #<==最少3次
my qq num is 49000448.
not 4900000448.
[root@zhangguokui test]# egrep "0{3}" oldboy.txt    #<==3次
my qq num is 49000448.
not 4900000448.
  • sed
[root@zhangguokui test]# cat test.txt          
root:x:0:0:root:/root:/bin/bash
bin:x:1:1:bin:/bin:/sbin/nologin
daemon:x:2:2:daemon:/sbin:/sbin/nologin
adm:x:3:4:adm:/var/adm:/sbin/nologin
lp:x:4:7:lp:/var/spool/lpd:/sbin/nologin

[root@zhangguokui test]# sed -n '1~2p' test.txt  #<==隔行波浪线
root:x:0:0:root:/root:/bin/bash
daemon:x:2:2:daemon:/sbin:/sbin/nologin
lp:x:4:7:lp:/var/spool/lpd:/sbin/nologin
  • 输出2-4行
[root@zhangguokui test]# sed '2,4p' -n oldboy.txt 
i teach linux

i like badminton ball ,billiard ball and chinese chess!
  • 输出含有oldboy的字符串的行
[root@zhangguokui test]# sed -n '/oldboy/p' oldboy.txt  #<==-n表示默认不输出，输出用p
I am oldboy teacher!
our site is http://www.oldboyedu.com
  • 删除含有oldboy字符串的行（如需更改文件，需要加-i）
[root@zhangguokui test]# sed '/oldboy/d' oldboy.txt    #<==用d符号删除行
i teach linux

i like badminton ball ,billiard ball and chinese chess!
my qq num is 49000448.

not 4900000448.
my god , i am not oldbey,but OLDBOY!
  • 改字符串（如需修改文件加-i）
[root@zhangguokui test]# sed 's#oldboy#oldgirl#g' oldboy.txt
I am oldgirl teacher!
i teach linux

i like badminton ball ,billiard ball and chinese chess!
our site is http://www.oldgirledu.com
my qq num is 49000448.

not 4900000448.
my god , i am not oldbey,but OLDBOY!
  • 多项编辑用-e 
[root@zhangguokui test]# sed -e 's#oldboy#oldgirl#g' -e 's#49000448#123321#g' oldboy.txt
I am oldgirl teacher!
i teach linux

i like badminton ball ,billiard ball and chinese chess!
our site is http://www.oldgirledu.com
my qq num is 123321.

not 4900000448.
my god , i am not oldbey,but OLDBOY!
  • 增加文本用a（更改文件用-i）
[root@zhangguokui test]# sed '3a i like linux' oldboy.txt
I am oldboy teacher!
i teach linux

i like linux  #<==在第三行后增加
i like badminton ball ,billiard ball and chinese chess!
our site is http://www.oldboyedu.com
my qq num is 49000448.

not 4900000448.
my god , i am not oldbey,but OLDBOY!
  • 插入文本用i（更改文件用-i）
[root@zhangguokui test]# sed '3a i like linux\nhow about you?\ntell me' oldboy.txt 
I am oldboy teacher!
i teach linux

i like linuxi  #<==在第三行后加，\n多行
how about you?
tell me
i like badminton ball ,billiard ball and chinese chess!
our site is http://www.oldboyedu.com
my qq num is 49000448.

not 4900000448.
my god , i am not oldbey,but OLDBOY!
[root@zhangguokui test]# sed '3i i like linux\nhow about you?\ntell me' oldboy.txt 
I am oldboy teacher!
i teach linux
i like linux  #<==在第三行插入，\n多行
how about you?
tell me

i like badminton ball ,billiard ball and chinese chess!
our site is http://www.oldboyedu.com
my qq num is 49000448.

not 4900000448.
my god , i am not oldbey,but OLDBOY!
  • 取ip的三个方法
[root@zhangguokui test]#  ifconfig eth0|sed -n '2s#^.*ddr:##gp'|sed -n 's#\  Bc.*$##gp'  #<==\空格匹配，-n默认不输出，后面接p
192.168.144.129

[root@zhangguokui test]#  ifconfig eth0|sed -ne '2s#^.*ddr:##g' -ne '2s#\  Bc.*$##gp'  #<==使用-e 多项编辑
192.168.144.129

[root@zhangguokui test]# ifconfig eth0|sed -nr '2s#^.*ddr:(.*)\  Bc.*$#\1#gp'  #<==-r表示支持小括号功能，\1取小括号内容
192.168.144.129
  • 替换练习
[root@zhangguokui tmp]# cat person.txt
101,lodboy,CEO
102,zhangyao,CTO
103,alex,COO
104,yy,CFO
105,FIEXUE,CIO
[root@zhangguokui tmp]# sed '1,3s#C#--&--#g' person.txt 
101,lodboy,--C--EO
102,zhangyao,--C--TO
103,alex,--C--OO
104,yy,CFO
105,FIEXUE,CIO
  • 作业，取644
[root@zhangguokui test]# stat /etc/hosts
  File: `/etc/hosts'
  Size: 158             Blocks: 8          IO Block: 4096   regular file
Device: 803h/2051d      Inode: 390175      Links: 2
Access: (0644/-rw-r--r--)  Uid: (    0/    root)   Gid: (    0/    root)
Access: 2019-12-29 23:14:35.801999244 +0800
Modify: 2019-12-27 13:25:25.966727272 +0800
Change: 2019-12-27 13:25:25.969727260 +0800

[root@zhangguokui test]# stat /etc/hosts|sed -nr '4s#^.*cess:\ \((.*)/-r.*$#\1#gp'      
0644

[root@zhangguokui test]# stat /etc/hosts|sed -ne '4s#^.*cess:\ (##g' -ne '4s#/-.*$##gp' 
0644

[root@zhangguokui test]# stat /etc/hosts|sed -n '4s#^.*cess:\ (##gp'|sed -n 's#/-r.*$##gp'
0644
  • awk
[root@zhangguokui test]# cat test.txt 
root:x:0:0:root:/root:/bin/bash
bin:x:1:1:bin:/bin:/sbin/nologin
daemon:x:2:2:daemon:/sbin:/sbin/nologin
adm:x:3:4:adm:/var/adm:/sbin/nologin
lp:x:4:7:lp:/var/spool/lpd:/sbin/nologin

取2-3行

[root@zhangguokui test]# awk 'NR>1&&NR<4' test.txt
bin:x:1:1:bin:/bin:/sbin/nologin
daemon:x:2:2:daemon:/sbin:/sbin/nologin

[root@zhangguokui test]# awk 'NR==2,NR==3' test.txt 
bin:x:1:1:bin:/bin:/sbin/nologin
daemon:x:2:2:daemon:/sbin:/sbin/nologin

过滤出含有root

[root@zhangguokui test]# awk '/root/' test.txt 
root:x:0:0:root:/root:/bin/bash

删除含root的行

[root@zhangguokui test]# awk '/[^r]/' test.txt  #<==过滤非r字符的行，都有非r，所以全部打印
root:x:0:0:root:/root:/bin/bash
bin:x:1:1:bin:/bin:/sbin/nologin
daemon:x:2:2:daemon:/sbin:/sbin/nologin
adm:x:3:4:adm:/var/adm:/sbin/nologin
lp:x:4:7:lp:/var/spool/lpd:/sbin/nologin
[root@zhangguokui test]# awk '/^[^r]/' test.txt  #<==过滤非r开头
bin:x:1:1:bin:/bin:/sbin/nologin
daemon:x:2:2:daemon:/sbin:/sbin/nologin
adm:x:3:4:adm:/var/adm:/sbin/nologin
lp:x:4:7:lp:/var/spool/lpd:/sbin/nologin

打印第一列，第三列，最后一列，及行号

[root@zhangguokui test]# awk -F ":" '{print NR,$1,$3,$NF}' test.txt
1 root 0 /bin/bash
2 bin 1 /sbin/nologin
3 daemon 2 /sbin/nologin
4 adm 3 /sbin/nologin
5 lp 4 /sbin/nologin
  • 取ip的三个方法
[root@zhangguokui test]# ifconfig eth0
eth0      Link encap:Ethernet  HWaddr 00:0C:29:B7:56:CC  
          inet addr:192.168.144.129  Bcast:192.168.144.255  Mask:255.255.255.0
          inet6 addr: fe80::20c:29ff:feb7:56cc/64 Scope:Link
          UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST  MTU:1500  Metric:1
          RX packets:158709 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
          TX packets:55463 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
          collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000 
          RX bytes:162970290 (155.4 MiB)  TX bytes:12525795 (11.9 MiB)

[root@zhangguokui test]# ifconfig eth0|awk -F ":" 'NR==2{print $2}'|awk '{print $1}'
192.168.144.129

[root@zhangguokui test]# ifconfig eth0|awk NR==2|awk -F "[ :]+" '{print $4}'
192.168.144.129

[root@zhangguokui test]# ifconfig eth0|awk NR==2|awk -F "inet addr:|Bcast" '{print $2}'
192.168.144.129
  • 几个小题
[root@zhangguokui tmp]# ls -l | awk '{if ($2>1) print $0}'
total 24
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Dec 27 23:11 bbb
-rw-r--r-- 2 root root    4 Dec 30 02:29 oldboy
-rw-r--r-- 2 root root    4 Dec 30 02:29 oldboy_hardlink
drwxr-xr-x 3 root root 4096 Dec 30 03:35 oldgirl
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Dec 30 16:57 test

[root@zhangguokui tmp]# ls -l|sed -n '/^d/p'
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Dec 27 23:11 bbb
drwxr-xr-x 3 root root 4096 Dec 30 03:35 oldgirl
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Dec 30 16:57 test

[root@zhangguokui tmp]# ls -l |awk '/^d/'
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Dec 27 23:11 bbb
drwxr-xr-x 3 root root 4096 Dec 30 03:35 oldgirl
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Dec 30 16:57 test

[root@zhangguokui tmp]# ls -F |awk '/\/$/'
bbb/
oldgirl/
test/

[root@zhangguokui tmp]# ls -F |sed -n '/\/$/p'
bbb/
oldgirl/
test/
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