sealed关键字可以修饰类和特质(特质)。密封类提供了一种约束:不能在类定义的文件之外定义任何新的子类。然而,这样做有什么用呢?
在scala源码中List的实现用到了sealed关键字。
抽象类List有sealed关键字修饰,接下来Nil和::分别继承了该List抽象类。那我们来尝试实现基于List实现一个自己的List:
scala> class NewList extends List
<console>:7: error: illegal inheritance from sealed class List
class NewList extends List
编译出错了,我们是不能在外部文件继承List类。所以,如果子类都明确的情况下,为了防止继承滥用,为抽象类添加sealed。
模式匹配是scala非常好用的一个语法特性。但是,如果当条件经常改变,我们可能会忘了修改相应的case,那么这种情况就可能会出现错误。看下边例子:
scala> :pas
// Entering paste mode (ctrl-D to finish)
abstract class People
case object American extends People
case object Japanese extends People
case object Chinese extends People
case object Russia extends People
def people(p: People) = p match {
case American ⇒ println("American person")
case Japanese ⇒ println("Japanese person")
case Chinese ⇒ println("Chinese person")
}
// Exiting paste mode, now interpreting.
defined class People
defined object American
defined object Japanese
defined object Chinese
defined object Russia
people: (p: People)Unit
scala> people(American)
American person
scala> people(Russia)
scala.MatchError: Russia (of class Russia$)
at .people(<console>:13)
... 33 elided
这时我们为People加上sealed,当我们编译代码时得到了一个警告:
<console>:18: warning: match may not be exhaustive.
It would fail on the following input: Russia
def people(p: People) = p match {
多温馨的一个提示啊。事情都不是绝对的,如果确定people只处理美国,日本,中国人,编译时总是给这么个警告也挺闹心。能破吗?可定能,看代码:
def people(p: People) = (p: @unchecked) match {
case American ⇒ println("American person")
case Japanese ⇒ println("Japanese person")
case Chinese ⇒ println("Chinese person")
}