Level3.Unit3 PART4

Listening: Leonardo da Vinci 1

Leonardo da Vinci is one of the greatest geniuses 天才 of all time.

He was a painter, an architect建筑师, an engineer and a scientist.

He was born in Vinci, Italy in 1452.

Vinci is a town just outside of the great Italian city, Florence.

His name, da Vinci, means "of Vinci".

Leonardo’s father was a lawyer and landowner地主, and his mother was a peasant.农民

Leonardo’s parents were never married to each other.

Leonardo lived with his mother until he was around 5 years old.

When he was 5, he moved into the home of his father.

By then his father had married a 16-year-old girl.

Leonardo’s mother married another man and moved to another town.

She had many more children after that, with several different men.

In the end, Leonardo had more than 15 half-sisters and brothers.

As a young man, Da Vinci didn’t go to school.

He was educated at home in reading, writing and mathematics.数学

In other subjects, he was mostly self-educated.

He had access to books at his father’s home. 他可以在他父亲的家里看书。

Leonardo spent a lot of time outdoors and developed a strong interest in nature.

He loved to observe things, especially birds.

他喜欢观察事物，尤其是鸟。

He was also interested in the properties性质 of water.

Listening: Leonardo da Vinci 2

Leonardo’s early drawings and paintings demonstrated表现出 a rare talent. 列奥纳多早期的绘画和绘画表现出一种罕见的天赋。

His father and his father’s friends recognized his talent and encouraged him.

When he was 15, he was sent to Florence.

In Florence, he became an apprentice to a famous master painter.

For the next few years, Leonardo worked at his master’s workshop.

It wasn’t long before his ability surpassed 超过that of his master.

Some people say that his master became jealous of Leonardo’s great talent.

They say that the master vowed to never paint again. 他们说大师发誓再也不画画了。

In 1478, with his father’s help, Leonardo set up his own workshop.

In 1482, he entered the service of powerful man in the city of Milan.

This man was the Duke爵士 of Milan.

For the next few years, Leonardo designed buildings, machineries and weapons of war. 在接下来的几年里，列奥纳多设计了建筑、机械和战争武器。

Weapons were important, because Italy was constantly at war during this period.

From 1485 to 1490, Leonardo produced designs for a variety of weapons.

In his notes, he predicted the development of advanced weapons such as submarines and flying machines.

In 1499, the French invaded Italy and Leonardo left Milan.

Altogether, Leonardo spent 17 years in Milan.

During this period, he spent much of his time studying nature.

He dissected bodies, both human and animal , to study and illustrate anatomy. 解剖学

His detailed illustrations are masterpieces. 他的详细插图是杰作。

Leonardo filled many notebooks with drawings and ideas.

He wrote backwards so you need a mirror to read them.

After 1500, Leonardo spent time in a number of Italian cities.

He worked very slowly and the range of his interests was very wide.

As a result, Leonardo left many paintings and projects unfinished.

One painting that he did finish, was the Mona Lisa, one of world’s most famous paintings.

People are still interested in this painting 500 years after he painted it.

Thought there are many theories, nobody knows who the woman in the painting really was.

In 1516, Leonardo left Italy for good when the French King, Francis the first, offered him a position.

There, he had the freedom to paint and draw whatever he wanted.

Leonardo died in 1519 at the age of 67.

Some say that the French King, who had become a close friend, was with him when he died.

He was buried in the church which was destroyed during the French revolution.

The exact location of his remains is unknown.

Vocabulary: Sources of Pollution

Waste water and carbon gases from farm animals are bad for the environment.

来自农场动物的废水和碳气体对环境有害。

Animal wastes and other chemicals flow into the ground and pollute water supplies.

动物粪便和其他化学物质流入地下，污染水源。

Exhausted gases from automobiles are a major cause of air pollution and global warming.

汽车尾气是造成大气污染和全球变暖的主要原因。

As a result, many companies are trying to produce more efficient and cleaner cars.

因此，许多公司都在努力生产更高效、更清洁的汽车。

Pesticides and fertilizers are used by farmers to grow crops such as fruits and vegetables.

农民用杀虫剂和化肥种植水果和蔬菜等作物。

These chemicals pollute water supplies when they flow into the ground or rivers.

这些化学物质流入地下或河流时会污染水源。

Factories like this one, allow harmful chemicals to get into the air or water.

像这样的工厂，允许有害化学物质进入空气或水中。

Companies need to try harder to protect the environment and our health.

公司需要更加努力地保护环境和我们的健康。

Nuclear waste products are radioactive and can pollute the environment for thousands of years.

核废料具有放射性，能污染环境数千年。

They need to be safely transported and stored in a safe place.

它们需要安全运输并存放在安全的地方。

Vocabulary: Historical Figures历史人物

The British writer, Jane Austen, was born in England in 1775, one of seven children.

She wrote some of the most popular love stories of all time.

One of the most famous female rulers in history, Cleopatra had affairs with Julius Caesar and later with Mark Antony.

She was known for her great beauty and charming voice.

Born in 1756, Mozart composed and performed some of the world’s greatest classical music.

He was the youngest of seven children, and by the age of 5, he was already composing music.

The sun of a king, Alexander the Great was a military leader who created one of the largest empires in the ancient world.

As a youth, Alexander was taught by the Greek philosophy, Aristotle.

Mahatma Gandhi was a 20th century leader who used nonviolence resistance to lead India to independence.

Gandhi dedicated his life to the pursuit of truth. 甘地一生致力于追求真理。

Dialogue: An urgent call

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Dialogue: Settling the bill结账

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