黑脸琵鹭（Black-faced Spoonbill）
1. Characteristics（特征)
Looks: White feathers, black face (like a mask), long black legs, and a **flat spoon-shaped beak.
Movement: Fly in "V" shapes; walk slowly in water to hunt.
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2. Habitat(栖息地)
- Live in wetlands, mudflats, or near rivers.
- In Shanghai: Visit Chongming Dongtan (崇明东滩) every winter.
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3. Food(食物)
- Eat small fish, shrimp, and insects in shallow water.
- Use their spoon beak to sweep water and catch food.
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4. Ability(能力)
- Clean the water by eating sick fish (保持水质干净).
- Help scientists know if wetlands are healthy (湿地健康指标).
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5. Amount(现存数量)
- World: About 6,000 (very few!).
- China/Shanghai: Over 1,000 visit China yearly; 50-100 stop in Shanghai.
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6. Threats (威胁)
- Lost homes: Wetlands turned into buildings or farms.
- Pollution: Dirty water kills their food.
- Human activity: Too much noise or fishing.
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7. Solutions(保护措施)
- Protected areas: Shanghai has Chongming Dongtan Nature Reserve (保护区).
- Laws: No hunting or destroying wetlands.
- Education: Schools teach students to protect birds.
反嘴鹬Pied Avocet
1. Characteristics(特征)
- Looks: Black and white feathers, long thin legs, and a curved upward beak(像弯钩).
- Movement: Walk in shallow water; fly in groups with quick wing beats.
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2. Habitat (栖息地)
- Live in shallow wetlands, salt lakes, or coasts.
- In Shanghai: Seen in Chongming Dongtan (崇明东滩) and Nanhui beaches.
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3. Food (食物)
- Eat small insects, fish, and crustaceans (甲壳类).
- Use curved beak to sweep through mud and catch food.
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4. Ability (能力)
- Control insect populations (减少害虫).
- Show if wetlands are healthy (湿地环境指示物种).
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5. Amount(现存数量)
-World: Around 100,000–1.5 million (not endangered).
- China/Shanghai: Common in coastal areas; hundreds stay in Shanghai yearly.
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6. Threats(威胁)
- Habitat loss: Wetlands drained for farming or cities.
- Pollution： Oil spills or trash harm their food.
- Human disturbance: Noise or tourists scare them.
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7. Solutions (保护措施)
- Protected areas: Chongming Dongtan Reserve helps guard their homes.
- Clean-up actions: Remove trash from wetlands.
- Public signs: Tell people to keep distance and stay quiet.
震旦鸦雀Reed Parrotbil
1. Characteristics (特征)
- Looks: Small brown bird with a **short, thick beak** (像鹦鹉嘴), long tail, and white spots on wings.
-Movement: Jump quickly through reeds (芦苇丛); rarely fly far.
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2. Habitat(栖息地)
- Only in China! Live in thick reed beds (茂密芦苇丛) near lakes or rivers.
- In Shanghai: Found in Chongming Dongtan(崇明东滩) and other wetlands.
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3. Food(食物)
- Eat insects, spiders, and reed seed.
- Use strong beak to crack open seeds or catch bugs in reeds.
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4. Ability(能力)
- Control pests in reeds (减少芦苇害虫).
- Show if reed wetlands are healthy (芦苇湿地健康指标).
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5. Amount (现存数量)
- World: Less than 10,000 (rare and protected in China).
- Shangha：A few hundred live in wetlands like Chongming.
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6. Threats (威胁)
- Lost homes: Reed beds cut down for farming or buildings.
- Pollution: Dirty water kills insects they eat.
- Invasive plants: Weeds replace their reed homes.
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7. Solutions (保护措施)
- Protected reed zones: Shanghai keeps wetlands like Chongming safe.
-Plant more reeds: Help them build nests and find food.
- Science research: Track their numbers and habits.
獾Asian Badger
1. Characteristics(特征)
- Look: Grey-brown fur, **black-and-white striped face**, strong claws for digging.
- Movement: Walk or run on short legs; dig deep tunnels (挖洞) at night.
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2. Habitat (栖息地)
- Live in forests, grasslands, or near farms.
- In Shanghai: Rare, but may appear in Chongming Island(崇明岛) or rural areas.
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3. Food (食物)
- Eat insects, worms, small animals, fruits, and roots(杂食性).
- Use sharp claws to dig food from soil.
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4. Ability (能力)
- Improve soil by digging (松土帮助植物生长).
- Control pests (减少农田害虫).
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5. Amount (现存数量)
-World: Hundreds of thousands (but decreasing).
- China/Shanghai: Few in cities; more in countryside. Exact number unknown.
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6. Threats(威胁)
- Lost homes: Forests turned into farms or roads.
- Hunting: Killed for fur or traditional medicine.
- Pollution: Pesticides poison their food.
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7. Solutions (保护措施)
- Protected areas: Shanghai’s nature reserves (e.g., Chongming) guard their habitats.
- Laws: Ban illegal hunting of wild animals.
- Education: Teach farmers to reduce pesticide use.
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扬子鳄Chinese Alligator
1. Characteristics (特征)
- Looks: Dark green scales, short wide snout (短宽嘴), strong tail for swimming.
- Movement: Swim fast in water; crawl slowly on land.
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2. Habitat (栖息地)
- Only in China!Live in freshwater (淡水) like lakes, swamps, and slow rivers.
- In Shanghai: Mostly in zoos (e.g., Shanghai Zoo) or protected areas.
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3. Food(食物)
- Eat fish, frogs, snails, and small mammals.
- Hunt at night using sharp teeth.
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4. Ability(能力)
- Keep water ecosystems balanced (平衡水生态).
Dig burrows (挖洞) that become homes for other animals.
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5. Amount(现存数量)
- World: Less than **200** in the wild (critically endangered).
- China/Shanghai: Most live in Anhui and Zhejiang; a few in Shanghai zoos.
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6. Threats(威胁)
- Lost homes: Wetlands drained for farms or cities.
- Pollution: Dirty water harms their health.
- Illegal hunting: Killed for skin or medicine.
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7. Solutions (保护措施)
- Nature reserves: Protected areas in Anhui (e.g., **Anhui Chinese Alligator Reserve**).
- Breeding programs: Zoos help raise baby alligators and release them to the wild.
- Laws: Strict rules against hunting or selling them.
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长江江豚Yangtze Finless Porpoise
1. Characteristics (特征)
- Looks: Smooth grey skin, no dorsal fin(无背鳍), round head with a "smiling" mouth.
- Movement: Swim quickly in water; jump out of the river to breathe.
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2. Habitat(栖息地)
- Only in China!Live in freshwater (淡水) of the Yangtze River and nearby lakes.
- In Shanghai: Sometimes seen in the Yangtze Estuary(长江口).
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3. Food（食物)
- Eat small fish, shrimp, and squid.
- Use echolocation (声呐) to find food in murky water.
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4. Ability (能力)
- Show the health of the Yangtze River (长江生态指标).
- Help control fish populations (维持鱼类数量平衡).
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5. Amount (现存数量)
- World: About 1,000left (critically endangered).
- China/Shanghai: Most live in the middle Yangtze; less than 100 near Shanghai.
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6. Threats (威胁)
- Water pollution：Chemicals and trash poison their home.
- Ship traffic: Boats hit or disturb them.
- Overfishing: Fewer fish for them to eat.
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7. Solutions (保护措施)
- Protected zones： Parts of the Yangtze River are now no-fishing areas.
- Laws： Ban illegal fishing and protect their habitat.
- Rescue centers：Save sick porpoises and release them back.
中华鲟Chinese Sturgeon
1. Characteristics（特征)
- Looks： Huge fish (up to 5 meters!), grey-brown body with bony plates (骨板) and a pointy snout.
- Movement: Swim long distances to migrate (洄游); live in rivers and oceans.
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2. Habitat (栖息地)
- Only in China! Live in the Yangtze River and East China Sea.
- In Shanghai: Pass through the Yangtze Estuary(长江口) to lay eggs.
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3. Food*(食物)
- Eat small fish, shrimp, and insect larvae (幼虫).
- Hunt near the river bottom with their sensitive snout.
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4. Ability(能力)
- Keep the Yangtze River ecosystem balanced (长江生态平衡).
- Called a "living fossil" (活化石) for surviving 140 million years!
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5. Amount (现存数量)
- World: Less than 1,000 in the wild (critically endangered).
- China/Shanghai： Almost none in Shanghai now due to dams.
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6. Threats（威胁)
- Dams：Giant dams (e.g., Three Gorges) block their migration paths.
- Pollution： Dirty water harms eggs and baby fish.
- Overfishing：Caught accidentally or illegally.
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7. Solutions (保护措施)
- Protected zones: Parts of the Yangtze are closed to fishing.
- Artificial breeding(人工繁殖): Scientists raise baby sturgeons and release them.
- Dam modifications： Build "fish ladders" to help them swim past dams. 翻译
