今天在用户的错误列表上看到这么个bug
java.lang.RuntimeException: Unable to start receiver com.anysoft.tyyd.appwidget.PlayAppWidgetProvider:
java.lang.IllegalStateException: Not allowed to start service Intent { cmp=com.anysoft.tyyd/.play.PlayerService }:
app is in background uid UidRecord{607ef50 u0a127 RCVR idle change:idle|uncached procs:1 seq(0,0,0)}
这个bug是在适配Android8.0后出现的,解释下就是,app在后台uid的进程下面不允许启动Service.
重现情景:
由于我们的桌面小控件在onUpdate()方法里用Context.startService()启动了Service.当app的进程没有启动时,把桌面部件拉到Launcher桌面上就会报这个错误.
先来看看Android官网在8.0时的后台服务启动优化的一些措施:
后台服务限制：处于空闲状态时，应用可以使用的后台服务存在限制。 这些限制不适用于前台服务，因为前台服务更容易引起用户注意。
在 Android 8.0 之前，创建前台服务的方式通常是先创建一个后台服务，然后将该服务推到前台。
Android 8.0 有一项复杂功能；系统不允许后台应用创建后台服务。 因此，Android 8.0 引入了一种全新的方法，即 Context.startForegroundService()，以在前台启动新服务。
在系统创建服务后，应用有五秒的时间来调用该服务的 startForeground()方法以显示新服务的用户可见通知。
如果应用在此时间限制内未调用 startForeground()，则系统将停止服务并声明此应用为 ANR。
我总结一下就是8.0后,如果一个处于后台的应用想要启动Service就必须调用Context.startForegroundService()并且5秒内在该Service内调用startForeground()
下面看看源码的变动情况
源码解析:
首先是后台应用调用Context.startService()启动Service为什么会报错
启动Service的入口ContextImpl.startService()
ContextImpl:
@Override
public ComponentName startService(Intent service) {
warnIfCallingFromSystemProcess();
return startServiceCommon(service, false, mUser);
}
//进入startServiceCommon()
private ComponentName startServiceCommon(Intent service, boolean requireForeground,
UserHandle user) {
try {
validateServiceIntent(service);
service.prepareToLeaveProcess(this);
ComponentName cn = ActivityManager.getService().startService(
mMainThread.getApplicationThread(), service, service.resolveTypeIfNeeded(
getContentResolver()), requireForeground,
getOpPackageName(), user.getIdentifier());
if (cn != null) {
if (cn.getPackageName().equals("!")) {
throw new SecurityException(
"Not allowed to start service " + service
+ " without permission " + cn.getClassName());
} else if (cn.getPackageName().equals("!!")) {
throw new SecurityException(
"Unable to start service " + service
+ ": " + cn.getClassName());
} else if (cn.getPackageName().equals("?")) {//1
throw new IllegalStateException(
"Not allowed to start service " + service + ": " + cn.getClassName());
}
}
return cn;
} catch (RemoteException e) {
throw e.rethrowFromSystemServer();
}
}
1处就是我们bug抛出异常的地方Not allowed to start service Intent...
我们先看看ActivityManager.getService().startService()的返回逻辑
ActivityManagerService:
@Override
public ComponentName startService(
...
try {
res = mServices.startServiceLocked(caller, service resolvedType, callingPid, callingUid, requireForeground, callingPackage, userId);
} finally {
Binder.restoreCallingIdentity(origId);
}
return res;
}
启动Service会调用ActiveServices.startServiceLocked()
ActiveServices:
ComponentName startServiceLocked(...){
...
// If this isn't a direct-to-foreground start, check our ability to kick off an
// arbitrary service
if (!r.startRequested && !fgRequired) {
// Before going further -- if this app is not allowed to start services in the
// background, then at this point we aren't going to let it period.
final int allowed = mAm.getAppStartModeLocked(r.appInfo.uid, r.packageName,
r.appInfo.targetSdkVersion, callingPid, false, false);
if (allowed != ActivityManager.APP_START_MODE_NORMAL) {
Slog.w(TAG, "Background start not allowed: service "
+ service + " to " + r.name.flattenToShortString()
+ " from pid=" + callingPid + " uid=" + callingUid
+ " pkg=" + callingPackage);
if (allowed == ActivityManager.APP_START_MODE_DELAYED) {
return null;
}
UidRecord uidRec = mAm.mActiveUids.get(r.appInfo.uid);
//2.
return new ComponentName("?", "app is in background uid " + uidRec);
}
}
}
这里的fgRequired是从ContextImpl.startServiceCommon(fgRequired:false)传进来的,为false.
2标记处是不是又看到相关bug信息了 "app is in background uid...",于是我们看看allowed返回值mAm.getAppStartModeLocked()
ActivityManagerService:
int getAppStartModeLocked(){
UidRecord uidRec = mActiveUids.get(uid);
...
if (uidRec == null || alwaysRestrict || uidRec.idle) {
final int startMode = (alwaysRestrict) ? appRestrictedInBackgroundLocked(uid, packageName, packageTargetSdk) :
appServicesRestrictedInBackgroundLocked(uid, packageName, packageTargetSdk);
}
return startMode;
...
}
allowed的返回值就是startMode.这里alwaysRestrict是传入的参数false,这里的uidRec由于应用进程都未启动,于是uidRec.idle为true表示空闲进程,所以我们直接看appServicesRestrictedInBackgroundLocked()
ActivityManagerService:
int appServicesRestrictedInBackgroundLocked(){
...
// Persistent app?
if (mPackageManagerInt.isPackagePersistent(packageName)) {
if (DEBUG_BACKGROUND_CHECK) {
Slog.i(TAG, "App " + uid + "/" + packageName
+ " is persistent; not restricted in background");
}
return ActivityManager.APP_START_MODE_NORMAL;
}
// Non-persistent but background whitelisted?
if (uidOnBackgroundWhitelist(uid)) {
if (DEBUG_BACKGROUND_CHECK) {
Slog.i(TAG, "App " + uid + "/" + packageName
+ " on background whitelist; not restricted in background");
}
return ActivityManager.APP_START_MODE_NORMAL;
}
// Is this app on the battery whitelist?
if (isOnDeviceIdleWhitelistLocked(uid)) {
if (DEBUG_BACKGROUND_CHECK) {
Slog.i(TAG, "App " + uid + "/" + packageName
+ " on idle whitelist; not restricted in background");
}
return ActivityManager.APP_START_MODE_NORMAL;
}
return appRestrictedInBackgroundLocked(uid, packageName, packageTargetSdk);
}
这个方法会判断是否是Persistent app,白名单,电量白名单应用,很显然普通app都不是,于是进入appRestrictedInBackgroundLocked()看看
ActivityManagerService:
// Apps that target O+ are always subject to background check
if (packageTargetSdk >= Build.VERSION_CODES.O) {
if (DEBUG_BACKGROUND_CHECK) {
Slog.i(TAG, "App " + uid + "/" + packageName + " targets O+, restricted");
}
return ActivityManager.APP_START_MODE_DELAYED_RIGID;
}
// ...and legacy apps get an AppOp check
int appop = mAppOpsService.noteOperation(AppOpsManager.OP_RUN_IN_BACKGROUND,
uid, packageName);
if (DEBUG_BACKGROUND_CHECK) {
Slog.i(TAG, "Legacy app " + uid + "/" + packageName + " bg appop " + appop);
}
switch (appop) {
case AppOpsManager.MODE_ALLOWED:
return ActivityManager.APP_START_MODE_NORMAL;
case AppOpsManager.MODE_IGNORED:
return ActivityManager.APP_START_MODE_DELAYED;
default:
return ActivityManager.APP_START_MODE_DELAYED_RIGID;
}
这里的packageTargetSdk刚好是O,所以返回ActivityManager.APP_START_MODE_DELAYED_RIGID了.由于返回值不是ActivityManager.APP_START_MODE_NORMAL.于是就return new ComponentName("?", "app is in background uid " + uidRec);然后就出现了开头的异常.
下面看下Context.startForegroundService启动Service的逻辑
入口依旧为ContextImpl.startForegroundService()
@Override
public ComponentName startForegroundService(Intent service) {
warnIfCallingFromSystemProcess();
return startServiceCommon(service, true, mUser);
}
这里与startService的区别就在于传入的fgRequired为true.于是一路
ContextImpl.startServiceCommon()-->ActivityManagerService.startService()-->ActiveServices.startServiceLocked(),由于fgRequired为true,就跳过刚才那段逻辑下面就是正常的Service启动流程了.
那么还有一个问题,为什么还需要在5秒内调用Service.startForeground()呢?
在启动Service的过程中会调用到ActiveServices.bringUpServiceLocked()方法,然后会调用ActiveServices.sendServiceArgsLocked()
ActiveServices:
...
while (r.pendingStarts.size() > 0) {
...
if (r.fgRequired && !r.fgWaiting) {
if (!r.isForeground) {
//3
scheduleServiceForegroundTransitionTimeoutLocked(r);
} else {
r.fgRequired = false;
}
}
...
}
在3处会调用scheduleServiceForegroundTransitionTimeoutLocked()作用就是发送一个延时5秒的message
ActiveServices:
void scheduleServiceForegroundTransitionTimeoutLocked(ServiceRecord r) {
if (r.app.executingServices.size() == 0 || r.app.thread == null) {
return;
}
Message msg = mAm.mHandler.obtainMessage(
ActivityManagerService.SERVICE_FOREGROUND_TIMEOUT_MSG);
msg.obj = r;
r.fgWaiting = true;
mAm.mHandler.sendMessageDelayed(msg, SERVICE_START_FOREGROUND_TIMEOUT);//这个值是5*1000
}
看下这个消息的处理
ActivityManagerService:
class MainHandler extends Handler{
@Override
public void handleMessage(Message msg) {
switch (msg.what) {
...
case SERVICE_FOREGROUND_TIMEOUT_MSG: {
mServices.serviceForegroundTimeout((ServiceRecord)msg.obj);
}
}
}
又来到ActiveServices
ActiveServices:
void serviceForegroundTimeout(ServiceRecord r) {
ProcessRecord app;
synchronized (mAm) {
if (!r.fgRequired || r.destroying) {
return;
}
app = r.app;
r.fgWaiting = false;
stopServiceLocked(r);
}
}
这里就是调用stopServiceLocked(r)把service关掉了.那么Service.startForeground()一定会有代码取消这个消息,来看:
Service:
public final void startForeground(int id, Notification notification) {
try {
mActivityManager.setServiceForeground(
new ComponentName(this, mClassName), mToken, id,
notification, 0);
} catch (RemoteException ex) {
}
}
mActivityManager就是调用AMS
ActivityManagerService:
@Override
public void setServiceForeground(ComponentName className, IBinder token,
int id, Notification notification, int flags) {
synchronized(this) {
mServices.setServiceForegroundLocked(className, token, id, notification, flags);
}
}
ActiveServices:
public void setServiceForegroundLocked(ComponentName className, IBinder token,
int id, Notification notification, int flags) {
final int userId = UserHandle.getCallingUserId();
final long origId = Binder.clearCallingIdentity();
try {
ServiceRecord r = findServiceLocked(className, token, userId);
if (r != null) {
setServiceForegroundInnerLocked(r, id, notification, flags);
}
} finally {
Binder.restoreCallingIdentity(origId);
}
}
来看setServiceForegroundInnerLocked()
ActiveServices:
private void setServiceForegroundInnerLocked(){
...
if (r.fgRequired) {
if (DEBUG_SERVICE || DEBUG_BACKGROUND_CHECK) { Slog.i(TAG, "Service called startForeground() as required: " + r);}
r.fgRequired = false;
r.fgWaiting = false;
mAm.mHandler.removeMessages(
ActivityManagerService.SERVICE_FOREGROUND_TIMEOUT_MSG, r);
}
...
}
这里就removeMessages(SERVICE_FOREGROUND_TIMEOUT_MSG)取消这个message了.
