关于赤子爱胜蚯的自我修复 | about self-mending of Eisenia foetida
2023/6/12
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前言 preface
我们并不是专业的科研工作者，这篇文章仅仅为学科作业的总结，不具有任何学术参考价值。
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简介 brief introduction
赤子爱胜蚓，正蚓科爱胜蚓属的一种环节动物。体长35-130毫米，一般短于70毫米，宽3-5毫米。它是繁殖率高、适应性强的品种，是目前世界上养殖最普遍的蚯蚓。
Eisenia fetida, is a species of annelid worm belonging to the family Lumbricidae. It measures between 35 and 130 millimeters in length, but typically less than 70 millimeters, and has a width of 3-5 millimeters. This species is highly adaptable and has a high reproductive rate, making it the most commonly farmed earthworm species worldwide.
此次实验共记录20例样品，时长三（前四例）到两（后十六例）天。其中所有样品皆为赤子爱胜蚓，保存在直径5厘米的烧杯内，铺有一层泥土，将纸张盖住杯口以保证空气的流通和预防样品的逃跑。
For this experiment, a total of 20 samples were collected, with a duration ranging from three days (first four samples) to two days (last sixteen samples). All samples were Eisenia fetida, kept in a 5-centimeter diameter glass beaker filled with soil and covered with paper to ensure proper air circulation and prevent samples from escaping.
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过程 experiment in progress
死亡：失去活性、体表出现明显的死亡特征
Dead: loss of activity and obvious signs of death on the body
濒死：取出后静止不动、刺激后产生反应、切口未完全愈合
Agonal: Immobility after removal, movement after stimulation, incomplete healing of incision
正常：取出后缓慢移动、刺激后做出反应、切口未完全愈合
Normal: Slow movement after removal, response to stimulation, incomplete healing of incision
健康：取出后快速移动、乃至尝试逃逸、刺激后剧烈反应、切口几乎愈合
Healthy: Rapid movement after removal, attempts to escape, intense reactions after stimulation, and almost healing of the incision
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假设&结论 hypothesis & conclusion
1）普通的赤子爱胜蚯在中间截断后存活的概率是75%。
实验数据显示存活的样品 : 死亡的样品的比值为3 : 1
2）赤子爱胜蚯头部在成功自我修复后的活性普遍上比同一个个体的尾部高。
在所有的样品中，有且仅有头部的活性能达到“健康”的标准。而这6例健康的个体，占所有头部存活的情况的60%。
3）赤子爱胜蚯尾部的自我修复能力普遍上比同一个个体的头部强。
在20例样品中，有16组有至少一个个体成功存活。而在这16组样品中，又有6组是只有尾部存活的情况（37.5%），并且只有样品7一例只有头部存活的情况。
4）拥有明显可见的环节（性器官）的赤子爱胜蚯自我修复能力相对更低。换言之，成熟的蚯蚓更难重生。
样品1、8、9、14、19、20是本次实验中仅有的6例有环节的赤子爱胜蚯。其中样品14、19、20在第一天后全体暴毙；样品9在第一天后头部死亡、第二天后尾部死亡；样品8在第二天后仅剩一例濒死的尾部；只有样品1在第三天后还有一例还算健康的尾部。
5）赤子爱胜蚯的体长与其自我修复的能力似乎没有直接关系。
体长相对长的蚯蚓并没有都能存活，比如样品6、8；而体长相对短的蚯蚓的自我修复能力也没有特别低，比如样品11、18。
尽管如此，这些假设（尤其是5）可能包含了一些潜在因素的干扰，比如土质、湿度、甚至是寄生虫的有无等，因此这些假设需要更多的样品数量和更稳地的环境以佐证。
1) The probability of survival for a regular Eisenia foetida that has been cut in half is 75%.
Experimental data shows a ratio of 3:1 of surviving samples to deceased samples.
2) The head of a self-mending Eisenia foetida generally has higher activity levels compared to its tail post-successful repair.
Among all specimens, only those with active heads meet the "healthy" standard. Out of the 6 healthy specimens, 60% had active heads.
3) The tail of an Eisenia foetida generally has stronger self-mending abilities compared to its head.
Out of 20 specimens, 16 had at least one surviving specimen. Among these 16 specimens, 6 were cases where only the tail had survived (37.5%), while only the seventh specimen had a lone surviving head.
4) Eisenia foetida with clearly visible clitellum (sexual sign) have relatively weaker self-mending abilities. In other words, mature earthworms are more difficult to regenerate.
Samples 1, 8, 9, 14, 19, and 20 were the only six specimens with clitellum in this experiment. Samples 14, 19, and 20 all died on the first day, while sample 9 had its head die on the first day, followed by the tail on the second day. Only sample 8 had a single dying tail specimen left by the second day, while sample 1 had one relatively healthy tail specimen left by the third day.
5) Eisenia foetida's body length does not appear to have a direct correlation with its self-mending abilities.
Longer earthworms do not necessarily survive more frequently, such as samples 6 and 8, while shorter earthworms do not necessarily have lower self-mending abilities, such as samples 11 and 18.
Despite this, these hypotheses (especially 5) may be influenced by some underlying factors, such as soil quality, humidity, and even the presence of parasites. Therefore, more sample sizes and a more stable environment are needed to confirm these hypotheses.
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猜测 further extension
这部分是对在实验途中一些意外现象的记录。
This section contains records of unexpected phenomena encountered during the experiment.
1）极端情况下，蚯蚓会自我截肢以保求生？
样品6的尾部的原始长度为3.5cm，而在第一天后，样品6的长度就减为了1.5cm，而在烧杯内找到的剩下的一段躯体已经被白色虫卵和螨虫完全覆盖。
样品19尾部的原始长度为2.5cm，同样在一天后，样品19的长度就减为了2cm，而在烧杯中一段剩余的躯体也已经被虫卵和螨虫完全覆盖，但是这段躯体依旧在十分轻微起伏、蠕动。
1) Under extreme circumstances, do earthworms self-amputate to ensure survival?
The original length of Sample 6's tail was 3.5cm, but after the first day, its length had reduced to 1.5cm. A remaining section of the body was found in the beaker, completely covered with white insect eggs and mites.
Sample 19's tail had an original length of 2.5cm. After one day, its length had reduced to 2cm, and a remaining section of the body in the beaker was also covered with insect eggs and mites. However, this body section was still slightly undulating and wriggling.
*图片注意*
2）死亡后蚯蚓的颜色会随时间变淡？
样品14的头部和尾部皆死亡，而其中尾部的颜色在对比之下显得十分苍白。同样的现象也出现在了样品20的尾部上，其颜色肉眼可见的偏白。
2) Do colors of earthworms fade after they die over time?
Both the head and tail of Sample 14 had died, and the tail appeared particularly pale in comparison. Similarly, the tail of Sample 20, which had died, was noticeably whitish in color.
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参考文献 reference list
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