import requests
print(dir(requests))
# 2、参数
requests.get(
    url="http://www.baidu.com",
    headers="",
    cookies="",
    params={"k1":"v1","k2":"v2"},
    # url中传递的参数，效果如下
    # http://www.baidu.com?k1=v1&k2=v2
)
requests.post(
    url="",
    headers="",
    cookies="",
    data={
    },
    params={"k1": "v1", "k2": "v2"},
    # url中传递的参数，效果如下
    # http://www.baidu.com?k1=v1&k2=v2
)
 
# 我们可以通过data传递请求体，也可以通过json传递请求体
 
data = {
        "username":"admin",
        "pwd":"admin"
       },
 
# 则请求体中的数据为username=admin&pwd=admin

# 参数代理
 
    # 定义一个字典
proxies = {
    "http": "http://127.0.0.1:8888",
    "https": "http://127.0.0.1:8888",
}
 
 
 
# http请求走http对应的地址，https请求走https对应的地址，在访问的请求中加一个proxies的参数
l1 = requests.get(url="https://passport.lagou.com/login/login.html",
                  headers={
                      "user-agent": "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/57.0.2987.133 Safari/537.36"
                  },
                  proxies = proxies
                  )
 
# 给代理加认证
from requests.auth import HTTPProxyAuth
proxies = {
    "http": "http://127.0.0.1:8888",
    "https": "http://127.0.0.1:8888",
}
auth = HTTPProxyAuth("username","passwd")

# http请求走http对应的地址，https请求走https对应的地址，在访问的请求中加一个proxies的参数,在加一个参数auth，这个是登陆代理的用户名和密码
l2 = requests.get(url="https://passport.lagou.com/login/login.html",
                  headers={
                      "user-agent": "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/57.0.2987.133 Safari/537.36"
                  },
                  proxies = proxies,
                  auth = auth
                  )
 
 
# 参数文件上传，post方法发送请求，传递一个file的参数
 
files = {
    "pic": ("test.gif", open("test.gif", "rb"), "images/git")
}
l3 = requests.post(url="https://passport.lagou.com/login/login.html",
                  headers={
                      "user-agent": "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/57.0.2987.133 Safari/537.36"
                  },
                  proxies = proxies,
                  auth = auth,
                  files = files
                  )
 

 
# 参数认证
from requests.auth import HTTPBasicAuth
from requests.auth import HTTPDigestAuth
 
l5 = requests.get(url="https://passport.lagou.com/login/login.html",
                  headers={
                      "user-agent": "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/57.0.2987.133 Safari/537.36"
                  },
                  proxies = proxies,
                  auth = HTTPBasicAuth("admin","admin")
                  )
 
 
# 超时参数
l6 = requests.get(url="https://passport.lagou.com/login/login.html",
                  headers={
                      "user-agent": "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/57.0.2987.133 Safari/537.36"
                  },
                  timeout = 2
                  )
 
# 超时时间为2s，2s连不上返回错误
 
 
# 允许重定向
l7 = requests.get(url="https://passport.lagou.com/login/login.html",
                  headers={
                      "user-agent": "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/57.0.2987.133 Safari/537.36"
                  },
                  allow_redirects = False
                  )
 
 
# stream大文件下载的参数，把文件一点一点的下载,如果这个值为false，则全部写到内存中了
from contextlib import closing
with closing(requests.get("http://ddddddd",stream=True)) as f:
    for i in f.iter_content():
        print(i)
 
 
# cert，证书参数，告诉request去这个地方去下载cert
l8 = requests.get(url="https://passport.lagou.com/login/login.html",cert="xxx/xxx/xxx/xxx/pem")
 
l9 = requests.get(url="https://passport.lagou.com/login/login.html",cert=("xxx/xxx/xxx/xxx/pem","yyy/yyy/yyy.key"))
 
 
# session，为我们自动带上cookies和请求头
import requests
session = requests.session()
 
i1 = session.get(url="")
 
 
i2 = session.post(
    url="",
    data={}
)
 
i3 = session.post()                   
                   

通过request发送post请求，什么时候使用data参数，什么时候使用json参数呢，可以通过抓包来分析

在chrom浏览器中，数据格式为Form Data，如果通过requests发送数据，则用data来发送数据

在chrom浏览器中，数据格式为Request Payload，如果通过requests发送，则用json来发送数据

如果传递的json格式，但是数据有中文呢就额可以使用下面的方式来发送数据

data = bytes(json.dumps(
     data_dict,
     ensure_ascii=False
 ),encoding="utf-8")

设置代理模式

设置 proxy

import requests
proxies = {'http': 'http://localhost:8888', 'https': 'http://localhost:8888'}
requests.get('http://example.org', proxies=proxies)
import requests
s = requests.Session()
s.proxies = {'http': 'http://localhost:8888', 'https': 'http://localhost:8888'}
requests.get('http://example.org')

设置 SSL 证书

使用文本格式的 PEM。

import requests
proxies = {'http': 'http://localhost:8888', 'https': 'http://localhost:8888'}
requests.get('http://example.org', proxies=proxies, verify='/path-to/charles-ssl-proxying-certificate.pem')
import requests
s = requests.Session()
s.proxies = {'http': 'http://localhost:8888', 'https': 'http://localhost:8888'}
s.verify='/path-to/charles-ssl-proxying-certificate.pem'
requests.get('http://example.org')