考察目标:以连贯而有逻辑的方式对听力段落中的主要观点进行概括
阅读笔记要点:
·核心态度:(开头段末尾句)
·三个主要理由:中间的每段开头或结尾
·以词为单位记录:记主干的词
(1) 找到讨论对象,明确立场
A. 讨论对象的特征
a. 多次提到
b. 位置上比较靠前
c. 后文往往会有解释(同义词、上义词、定义)
B. 立场的分类
a. 现象解释 b. 问题解决 c. 观点证明
C. 提取重点
a. 理解而非翻译 b. 注意详略
D. 划成分的步骤
a. 找主语(即独立出现第一个核心名词)
b. 找谓语(修饰成分括起来)
c. 梳理主干余下成分(宾语、补语)
d. 遇到连词,读连词后的内容分析其并列成分
e. 遇到状语,插入语影响直观理解的,一并括起来
(2) 找到三个分论点
A. 分论点的特点
a. 往往出现在各段段首
b. 包括因果逻辑的地方尤其重视
c. 尽可能找到论证的逻辑重点C
B. 提前预测
a. 论据本身正确与否? b. 论证关系是否成立? c. 是否存在其他因素?
5. 听力
(1) 整理要点
A. 明确支持还是反对
B. 找到三个分论点
C. 尽可能的记录更多细节
(2) 注意事项
A. 注意结构和表述顺序
B. 特别关注分论点里展开的例子
C. 善用缩写和符号,及时完善
(3) 九大要点词
A. 结构信号词
分论点:firstly, secondly, thirdly, to take another point
B. 逻辑词
a. 因果:because, since, as, due to, therefore, to sum up, as a result
b. 转折:but, however, on the contrary, rather than, instead
C. 重复词
a. 同义词 b. 同根词 c. 反义词
D. 解释词
a. 下定义:that is to say...; is defined as...; ...that/which means/explains/indicates;
b. 解释:let me explain...
E. 被强调的语意
a. 比较级:more, much more, as...as.
b. 最高级:the most, the best
c. 语气词:well, um, you know...
F. 并列词
and, as well as, together with, not only... but also..., plus
G. 表倾向性、否定和变化的词
a. 倾向性:agree, disagree, support
b. 否定词:no, not, never, neither, nor, fall to, seldom, hardly, scarcely, rarely, barely, little, few
c. 变化:前进、后退、上升、下降、离开、到来...
H. 问题和答案
I. 重要例子
And some interesting things were found... like about eating habits
for example / as an example / for instance 举例
to give a specific example 举具体的例子
A is an example of B A是B的一个例子
the first reason for this is that 首要原因是
写作文
(1) 注意事项
A. 4段论:开头(1-2句)+3个中间段(3-4段)
B. 听力为主,阅读为辅(2:1)(听力内容涨分比较快)
C. 语法正确的前提之下尽可能的多写
D. 多做同义写作,阅读材料必须改写
E. 不要发表自己的观点
F. 基本时态为一般现在时
(2) 做同义改写
A. 主动变被动
B. 同根词 (e.g. applicant v. apply for)
C. 非谓语&复合词
(3) 功能词
A. 指代人(材料)
L: the speaker / lecturer / professor / listening material / lecture
R: the writer / author / reading material / writing / passage
B. 转述观点信息
The professor makes the point that / points out / says / tells
C. 转述解释信息
The professor explains / exemplifies / illustrates / illustrates the idea that...
D. 表示反驳关系
The lecture contradicts / disapproves / refutes / opposes the idea that...
...is exactly the opposite of, make...seem incorrect / dubious / doubtful, prove that... is specious, put... in doubt
E. 表示话题处理
deal with.., analyze, examine, explore, is concerned with, is about, focus on, concentrate on, investigate
(4) 综合写作模板(先写阅读)
第一段:The article lists three reasons to explain why.. . while the lecturer refutes each of these suggestions
第二段:First, the reading claims that...
However, the professor points out...
第三段:Second, the article suggeststhat...
Again, he / she disagrees by stating that...
第四段:Third, the article proposes that...
On the contrary, he / she argues that...
(5) 综合写作模板(先写听力)
第一段:The speaker discusses why +听力中心论点
第二段:First,听力TS1+ 听力细节
This completely challenges the saying in the reading that +文章TS1
第三段:Second,听力TS2+ 听力细节
Again, this directly rebuts the point in the reading that +文章TS2
第四段:Third,听力TS3+ 听力细节
On the contrary, the article suggests that + 文章TS3