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ribbon+restTemplate
Ribbon is a client side load balancer which gives you a lot of control over the behaviour of HTTP and TCP clients. Feign already uses Ribbon, so if you are using @FeignClient then this section also applies.
-----摘自官网
ribbon是一个负载均衡客户端,可以很好的控制http和tcp的一些行为。Feign默认集成了ribbon。
来看看代码怎么使用Ribbon+RestTemplate.
- 第一步:在eureka-client工程中创建RibbonConfiguration类,该类负责创建一个RestTemplate对象,@LoadBalanced会给创建RestTemplate增加请求拦截器,该拦截器可以对url进行改写,让其服务名称变为对应的服务实例的ip地址
package com.jack.eureka_client;
import org.springframework.cloud.client.loadbalancer.LoadBalanced;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate;
@Configuration
public class RibbonConfiguration {
// 创建一个装有ribbon请求拦截器的restTemplate
// @LoadBalanced会给创建RestTemplate增加请求拦截器,该拦截器会将对应的服务名称改成具体实例的域名
@Bean
@LoadBalanced
RestTemplate restTemplate() {
return new RestTemplate();
}
}
- 第二步:创建HelloController类,当访问eureka-client的/hello服务的时候,发送一个http请求 http://eureka-client2/hello, restTemplate会将域名eureka-client2解析成具体实例的ip地址,最后发送的请求url为 http://localhost:7772/hello .
package com.jack.eureka_client;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.cloud.client.loadbalancer.LoadBalanced;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMethod;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestParam;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
import org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate;
@RestController
public class HelloController {
private RestTemplate restTemplate;
@Autowired
public void setRestTemplate(RestTemplate restTemplate) {
this.restTemplate = restTemplate;
}
@RequestMapping(value = "/hello", method = RequestMethod.GET)
public Object hello(@RequestParam(value = "name", required = false) String name) {
return restTemplate.getForObject("http://eureka-client2/hello?name=" + name, String.class);
}
}
- 第三步:在eureka-client2工程里也创建一个HelloController,这样就能收到eureka-client发送的http请求
package com.jack.eureka_client2;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMethod;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestParam;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
@RestController
public class HelloController {
@RequestMapping(value = "/hello", method = RequestMethod.GET)
public Object hello(@RequestParam(value = "name", required = false) String name) {
return "Hello " + name;
}
}
总结一下以上请求流程
- 客户端发送get请求到eureka-client服务(localhost:7771)上
- eureka-client服务收到http请求,通过restTemplate对eureka-client2服务发送http请求
- restTemplate收到http://eureka-client2/hello?name=Robbon请求,将url改写为http://localhost:7772/hello?name=Robbon. localhost:7772是eureka-client2的ip地址
- eureka-client2收到http请求,返回结果
- eureka-client收到eureka-client2的结果,返回客户端
很神奇?只需要加入这份神奇的代码,就能完成服务之间的调用了.
@Bean
@LoadBalanced
RestTemplate restTemplate() {
return new RestTemplate();
}
我们深入一下这部分代码做了什么.
RestTemplate是什么?它是一个spring提供的http请求类,可以十分方便的发送http请求,避免了复杂的代码,假如发送一个http://eureka-client2/hello请求,正常来说发送是失败的,因为域名是找不到的.所以我们需要在发送请求后,对请求进行拦截,将eureka-client2改写成实例实际的ip地址.想要达到这个目的可以为RestTemplate对象设置http拦截器,从而到达改写目的.
@LoadBalanced注解做的就是给RestTemplate设置http请求拦截器.打开LoadBalancerAutoConfiguration文件.
@Configuration
@ConditionalOnClass(RestTemplate.class)
@ConditionalOnBean(LoadBalancerClient.class)
@EnableConfigurationProperties(LoadBalancerRetryProperties.class)
public class LoadBalancerAutoConfiguration {
// 在这里将我们注册的RestTemplate放入restTemplates里面
@LoadBalanced
@Autowired(required = false)
private List<RestTemplate> restTemplates = Collections.emptyList();
// 通过该方法为RestTemplate进行配置,配置类型为RestTemplateCustomizer
@Bean
public SmartInitializingSingleton loadBalancedRestTemplateInitializerDeprecated(
final ObjectProvider<List<RestTemplateCustomizer>> restTemplateCustomizers) {
return () -> restTemplateCustomizers.ifAvailable(customizers -> {
for (RestTemplate restTemplate : LoadBalancerAutoConfiguration.this.restTemplates) {
for (RestTemplateCustomizer customizer : customizers) {
customizer.customize(restTemplate);
}
}
});
}
@Configuration
@ConditionalOnMissingClass("org.springframework.retry.support.RetryTemplate")
static class LoadBalancerInterceptorConfig {
// ribbon的拦截器,loadBalanceClient由RibbonAutoConfiguration文件创建
@Bean
public LoadBalancerInterceptor ribbonInterceptor(
LoadBalancerClient loadBalancerClient,
LoadBalancerRequestFactory requestFactory) {
return new LoadBalancerInterceptor(loadBalancerClient, requestFactory);
}
// 创建RestTemplateCustomizer,为loadBalancedRestTemplateInitializerDeprecated使用
@Bean
@ConditionalOnMissingBean
public RestTemplateCustomizer restTemplateCustomizer(
final LoadBalancerInterceptor loadBalancerInterceptor) {
return restTemplate -> {
List<ClientHttpRequestInterceptor> list = new ArrayList<>(
restTemplate.getInterceptors());
list.add(loadBalancerInterceptor);
restTemplate.setInterceptors(list);
};
}
}
...
可以发现LoadBalancerAutoConfiguration做了以下事情
-
第一步: 将含有@LoadBalanced注解的RestTemplate放入restTemplates数组中
// 在这里将我们注册的RestTemplate放入restTemplates里面 @LoadBalanced @Autowired(required = false) private List<RestTemplate> restTemplates = Collections.emptyList();
第二步: 创建LoadBalancerInterceptor拦截器,LoadBalancerClient和LoadBalancerRequestFactory由Ribbon提供,在RibbonAutoConfiguration配置类中创建.
// ribbon的拦截器,loadBalanceClient由RibbonAutoConfiguration文件创建 @Bean public LoadBalancerInterceptor ribbonInterceptor( LoadBalancerClient loadBalancerClient, LoadBalancerRequestFactory requestFactory) { return new LoadBalancerInterceptor(loadBalancerClient, requestFactory); }
第三步:创建RestTemplateCustomizer,该类的作用是给RestTemplate装配LoadBalancerInterceptor
@Bean @ConditionalOnMissingBean public RestTemplateCustomizer restTemplateCustomizer( final LoadBalancerInterceptor loadBalancerInterceptor) { return restTemplate -> { List<ClientHttpRequestInterceptor> list = new ArrayList<(restTemplate.getInterceptors()); list.add(loadBalancerInterceptor); restTemplate.setInterceptors(list); }; }
第四步: 对restTemplates中的元素进行装配LoadBalancerInterceptor拦截器,通过customizer.customize(restTemplate)代码来装配,最后达到改写http请求的目的.这里的RestTemplateCustomizer就是第三步创建的
// 通过该方法为RestTemplate进行配置,配置类型为RestTemplateCustomizer @Bean public SmartInitializingSingleton loadBalancedRestTemplateInitializerDeprecated( final ObjectProvider<List<RestTemplateCustomizer>> restTemplateCustomizers) { return () -> restTemplateCustomizers.ifAvailable(customizers -> { for (RestTemplate restTemplate : LoadBalancerAutoConfiguration.this.restTemplates) { for (RestTemplateCustomizer customizer : customizers) { customizer.customize(restTemplate); } } }); }
到此为RestTemplate设置Ribbon提供的LoadBalancerInterceptor拦截器的过程完毕
Cool! Ribbon+RestTemplate的调用方式我们已经深入了解,之后我们来讲解更加人性化调用的Feign