１．下载PDF / EXCLE文件

视图函数：

from django.http import HttpRequest, HttpResponse, StreamingHttpResponse
import os
from urllib.parse import quote

def download_pdf(request):
    """打开PDF文件再下载"""
#第一步：构建文件路径（当前路径下＋resoure文件夹的Docker入门教程.pdf）
    path = os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(__file__))
    path = os.path.join(path, 'resources/Docker入门教程.pdf')    

#第二步：打开方式是每次打开1024字节StreamingHttpResponse
file_stream = open(path, 'rb')
file_iter = iter(lambda: file_stream.read(1024), b'')

 #第三步:设置response的文件类型及响应头
    resp = StreamingHttpResponse(file_iter, content_type='application/pdf')
    filename = quote('Docker入门教程.pdf')#如果是中文名，必须处理成百分号编码（quote把中文变为百分号编码）
    resp['content-disposition'] = f'inline; filename="{filename}"'  #设置响应头content-disposition，inline是打开文件，attachment是下载文件
    return resp


def download_excel(request):
    """直接下载Excel文件"""
    path = os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(__file__))
    path = os.path.join(path, 'resources/老师信息登记表.xlsx')
    
    with open(path, 'rb') as file_stream:
        buffer = file_stream.read()
        
    resp = HttpResponse(buffer, content_type='application/vnd.ms-excel')
    filename = quote('老师信息登记表.xlsx')
    resp['content-disposition'] = f'attachment; filename="{filename}"'
    return resp

模板页：

<a href="/vote/pdf">下载PDF文件</a>&nbsp;&nbsp;
<a href="/vote/excel">下载Excel文件</a>

设置访问路径(vote应用中)：

urlpatterns = [
    path('pdf/', views.download_pdf),
    path('excel/', views.download_excel),
]

２．在页面上集成富文本

推荐：wangEditor/kindEditor/CKeditor
不会用，就看使用文档。

(textarea多行文本输入框变为富文本)

1. 导入Kindeditor到static文件夹
   下载网址：http://kindeditor.net
2. 模板页

<p>输入内容：
    <textarea cols="30" rows="10" name="content"></textarea>
</p>

<script src="{% static 'js/jquery.min.js' %}"></script>
    <script charset="UTF-8" src="{% static 'js/kindeditor/kindeditor-all-min.js' %}"></script>

    <script>
        let editor = null
        KindEditor.ready(function(K){
            editor = K.create('textarea[name=content]', {
                width:'720px',
                height:'300px',
                uploadJson: '/upload/'
            })
        })
    </script>

3. 模型

content = models.TextField(null=True)

4. 设置urls.py

path('upload/', views.upload_picture)

5. 将上传的文件放到指定路径的文件夹下

步骤:第一步:拿到image_file文件 第二步：创建image_file文件路径 第三步：将image_file文件的数据写入指定的路径path

@csrf_exempt
def upload_picture(request):
    """富文本上传文件"""

    #第一步:拿到image_file文件
    image_file = request.FILES.get('imgFile')  #<MultiValueDict: {'imgFile': [<InMemoryUploadedFile: jay.jpg (image/jpeg)>]}>
    if image_file:#如果不为空

        #第二步：创建image_file文件路径
        ext = os.path.splitext(image_file.name)[-1]  #image_file.name ->'jay.jpg'  ext->'.jpg'
        filename = uuid.uuid1().hex + ext#全局唯一标识符重新生成文件名filename->'9c782cdc757711e99cb10027136a1c48.jpg'
        url = f'/media/{filename}'
        path = os.path.join(settings.MEDIA_ROOT, filename)#　'/home/maggie/PycharmProjects/FriendsMoment/media/9c782cdc757711e99cb10027136a1c48.jpg'

        #第三步：将image_file文件的数据写入指定的路径path
        with open(path, 'wb') as file_stream:
            file_stream.write(image_file.read()) 
 #file_stream-> <_io.BufferedWriter name='/home/maggie/PycharmProjects/FriendsMoment/media/9c782cdc757711e99cb10027136a1c48.jpg'>

        data = {'error': 0, 'url': url}
    else:
        data = {'error': 1}
    return JsonResponse(data)

３．上传文件

1. 视图函数

def saysomething(request):
    """发朋友圈功能"""
    hint = ''
    if request.method == 'POST':
        content = request.POST.get('content', '') #拿到写入的内容
        pic = request.FILES['picture']  #拿到文件名

        username = request.session.get('username', '')  #拿到保存再session中的username并与数据库中的匹配取出除对象
        user = User.objects.filter(username=username).first()

        record = ShareRecord()
        record.content = content
        record.picture = pic
        record.user = user
        record.save()
        hint = '发表成功'
    return render(request, 'saysomething.html', {'hint':hint})

2. 映射url

urlpatterns = [
    path('admin/', admin.site.urls),
    path('', views.login),
    path('register/', views.register),
    path('shares/', views.shares),
    path('saysomething/', views.saysomething),
    path('logout/', views.logout),

]+static(settings.MEDIA_URL, document_root=settings.MEDIA_ROOT)

3. 渲染页面

<body>
    <h2>Friends' Moments</h2>
    <a href="/saysomething/">share something</a>&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp
    {% if request.session.username %}
    {{ request.session.username }}&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp<a href="/logout/">退出登录</a>
    {% endif %}
    <hr>
    {% for share in shares %}
    <dl>
        <dt>
            {{ share.user.username }}
        </dt>
        <dd>{{ share.content }} </dd>
    </dl>
    <div>
        <img src="/media/{{ share.picture }}" height="40" alt="">
    </div>
    {% endfor %}
<button id="load">加载更多</button>
</body>

4. 指定上传的路径

MEDIA_ROOT = os.path.join(BASE_DIR, 'media')
MEDIA_URL = '/media/'