Route::get('/', function () {
    return view('welcome');
});
Route::any('/hello',function(){
    return "Hello Laravel!";
});
Route::match(['get','post'],'/hello',function(){
   return "Hello Laravel![get/post]";
});
Route::post('/hello',function(){
    return "Hello Laravel[POST]!";
});
Route::get('/hello', function () {
    return "Hello Laravel[GET]!";
});
Route::get('/hello/{name}',function($name){
//name必填
    return "Hello {$name}!";
});
Route::get('/hello/{name?}',function($name="Laravel"){
//name选填
    return "Hello {$name}!";
});
Route::get('/hello/{name?}',function($name="Larave2"){
//name只能是大小写字母
    return "Hello {$name}!";
})->where('name','[A-Za-z]+');

//在全局范围内对参数进行条件约束，可以在app/Providers/RouteServiceProvider.php的boot方法中做如下定义：
public function boot(Router $router)
{
    $router->pattern('name','[A-Za-z]+');
    parent::boot($router);
}

路由命名

Route::get('/hello/laravelacademy',['as'=>'academy',function(){
    return 'Hello LaravelAcademy！';
}]);
Route::get('/testNamedRoute',function(){
   return redirect()->route('academy');
});

路由分组

Route::group(['as' => 'admin::'], function () {
    Route::get('dashboard', ['as' => 'dashboard', function () {
        return "admin::dashboard";
    }]);
});
Route::get('/testNamedRoute',function(){
    return redirect()->route('admin::dashboard');
});

参考

Laravel 5.1 基础教程