我们在写作的时候,虽然内容和使用习惯有很大不同,但从出错的规律上,可从如下的几个方面得到些启发(本文学生例句都是从学生作文样本里摘出):
一、词汇表达
“有”的概念:
学生:1、North part of the town has a river.
2、watching too much TV has a great influence on children’s health.
解析:汉语的“有”延伸意义有很多,不像英语have仅仅表达从属关系(极少数非正式的情况也能表示一种存在,比如the building has a window in the front),因此像这种表示位置的(例1)和其他抽象意义的就不能用have了。
参考例句:1 In the north part of the town lies a river.
2 watching too much TV would impair children’s health.
根据
汉语:此外,电脑帮助孩子们根据自己的经验,调整自己的进度和选择他们自己觉得舒服的挑战级别。
学生:the kids can adjust the grades and the schedule according to their feelings and experience.
解决:一说根据....就很轻易想到according to,其实这里想要表达的是选择自己的或者适合的意思:Besides, computers help children to be in control of their experience, to set their own pace, and to select the level of challenge with which they feel comfortable.
时间
汉语:的确,长时间使用电脑可能会对孩子的身体健康构成危害,如辐射、姿态和骨骼问题。
学生:it is true that using computers for too long would probably impair their health such as spinal health and body posture.
参考例句:it is true that frequent and prolonged computer sessions may pose physical health risks for children, such as harmful effects of radiation, and posture and skeletal problems.
过长等时间不要仅仅是for too long,和时间有关还可以用frequent 这些词。
影响
大家作文里经常会用到的关于影响的词:Influence , effect, affect, impact等,比如:
学生:books would pose a great good(positive) influence on the imagination and creativeness of children.
解析:但是,我们还可以这样想:如果是正面的,就说明是有效的(valid, effective, efficacious+in&for);如果是负面的,那就可能是打扰(disturb, interfere),甚至是阻碍(hinder, impede)了某人或某事。
参考例句:1 books would be effective for developing children’s imagination and creativeness. 2 being rich, to some extent, would impede people’s willingness to help others.
二句式结构
指代关系
学生:His father gave him a dog that he liked very much.
解析:that引导的句子的he指代不明,既可以说是父亲喜欢的,也可以理解为是孩子。
学生:Firstly, the information young people obtain now are much more than it in the past.
解析:it就是指上文具体说的事物,除非做形式主语,否则也不带事。that往往指代事情,或者比如:the weight of a car is more than that of a bike. 这里用that不是代替的汽车的重量,而是自行车的重量。所以that往往代替的是相同类别,而不是同一事物。
其实我们的用词习惯和句式表达习惯中不合适的地方,都有规律可循,只要明白了这些就能避免错误或者做的更好。