体系架构（Enterprise Architecture, EA）的开山之作，之前一直引用，从来没有系统的学习，通过翻译加深理解，与感兴趣的朋友一起学习探讨。
架构概念的提出
为了客观、独立的推导和形成信息系统架构框架，合乎逻辑的做法是从传统行业经典的架构概念入手。这样就有可能从相关领域上千年的发展中吸取经验。通过分析经典架构工作的产出物，即工作成果，可以类比推导出信息系统架构工作的产出物，在此过程中有助于对我们对架构形成清晰的概念和规范。
Derivation of the architectural concept
In searching for an objective, independent basis upon whichto develop a framework for information systems architecture, it seems onlylogical to look to the field of classical architecture itself. In so doing, itis possible to learn from the thousand or so years of experience that have beenaccumulated in that field. Definition of the deliverables, i.e., the workproduct, of a classical architect can lead to the specification of analogous informationsystems architectural products and, in so doing, can help to classify ourconcepts and specifications.
按照这一思路通过类比抽象出信息系统架构的表示方法，下面我们将以传统建造建筑物过程中的交付物为线索进行深入分析。
With this objective in mind, that is, discovering theanalogous information systems architectural representations, the following isan examination of the classical architect’s deliverables produced in theprocess of constructing a building.
“泡泡”图。建筑架构师创建的第一个架构交付物是一个概念性模型，一个“泡泡图”，它描述了初步的大小、形状、空间关系和对结构的初步设计。这个“泡泡图”一般是通过建筑架构师和未来业主之间的谈话形成的。以下是这类初步谈话的示例：
Bubble charts. The firstarchitectural deliverable created by the architect is a conceptualrepresentation, a “bubble chart,” which depicts, in gross terms, the size,shape, spatial relationships, and basic intent of the final structure. Thisbubble chart results from the initial conversations between the architect andprospective owner. A sample of such an initial conversation follows:
“我想建一栋楼。”
“你想要什么样的楼？是在里面住？就餐？还是办公？”
“嗯，我要住在里面。”
“哦，你想建一栋自己住的房子，对吗？”
“是的，我想要一栋自己住的房子。”
“你想要房子有多大？”
“嗯，我的地块面积是100英尺乘300英尺。”
“那你大概想要一座大约50英尺乘100英尺的房子”
“是的，差不多。”
“你需要几间卧室？”
“嗯，我有两个孩子，所以我想要三个卧室”
“I’d like to build a building.”
“What kind of building do you have in mind? Do you plan tosleep in it? Eat in it? Work in it?”
“Well, I’d like to sleep in it.”
“Oh, you want to build a house?”
“Yes, I’d like a house.”
“How large a house do you have in mind?”
“Well, my lot size is 100 feet by 300 feet.”
“Then you want a house about 50 feet by 100 feet”
“Yes, that’s about right.”
“How many bedrooms do you need?”
“Well, I have two children, so I’d like three bedrooms.”
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架构师的图纸是对业主概念性需求的书面表达
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以上每个问题都用于明确一些限制（地块面积）或确定需求（卧室的数量），以此来建立大概或近似设计模型。从上述对话中，建筑架构师可以通过一系列“泡泡”描述所有者的想法，泡泡可以用来表示房间、大小、形状、空间关系等。（见图1）
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Thearchitect’s drawings are a transcription of the owner’s perceptualrequirements.
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Notethat each question serves to pose a constraint (the lot size) or identify arequirement (the number of bedrooms) in order to establish the “ballpark,” orapproximate conditions, within which any design will take place. From the abovedialogue, the architect can depict what the owner has in mind in the form of aseries of “bubbles,” each bubble representing a room, its gross size, shape,spatial relationship, etc. (See Figure 1)
图1 架构师的“泡泡图”
建筑架构师准备这个“泡泡图”有两个原因。首先，未来的业主必须表达他的想法，这将作为建筑架构师设计工作的基础。第二，建筑架构师必须让业主相信，业主的愿望得到了充分的理解，这样业主就可以为后续的设计工作支付费用，并正式启动项目。
Thearchitect prepares this bubble chart for two reasons. First, the prospectiveowner must express what he or she has in mind that will serve as a foundationor basis for the architect’s actual design work. Second, the architect mustconvince the owner that the owner’s desires are understood well enough so thatthe owner will pay for the creative work to follow, and in effect, initiate theproject.
在与未来业主达成一致理解后，建筑架构师将开始制作下一组架构交付物——设计（架构）图纸。
Havingestablished a basic understanding with the prospective owner, the architectproduces the next set of architectural deliverables, which are calledarchitect’s drawings.
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