Git常见操作(完整提交步骤)

从已有的Git仓库中克隆一个本地的镜像仓库：

    `git clone https://github.com/YourAccountName/name.git`

自己新建一个仓库并上传到远程仓库：

1. git init -> 初始化新的仓库

2. git add README.md -> 将新加入的untracked状态的文件加入跟踪并放入暂存区///将已修改的文件放入暂存区
   git add . -> 操作所有文件

   On branch master
   
   Initial commit
   
   Changes to be committed:
     (use "git rm --cached <file>..." to unstage)
   
           new file:   a01.txt```
   
   

3. git commit -m "第一次提交" -> 将暂存区中的文件提交至HEAD所指向的分支，暂存区的文件将回到未修改状态

   [master (root-commit) af05048] 第一次
    1 file changed, 3 insertions(+)
    create mode 100644 a01.txt```
   
    当修改文件时:
   

   On branch master
   Changes not staged for commit:
   (use "git add <file>..." to update what will be committed)
   (use "git checkout -- <file>..." to discard changes in working directory)

        modified:   a01.txt
   

   no changes added to commit (use "git add" and/or "git commit -a")
   Untracked files:
   (use "git add <file>..." to include in what will be committed)

    a02.txt
   
    no changes added to commit (use "git add" and/or "git commit -a")```  
   

   其他常见方法：
   git status -> 查看仓库中文件的状态
   git rm a01.txt -> 将已跟踪的文件从Git中移除
   git checkout -- a01.txt -> 恢复被删除的文件(未被commit)
   git reset HEAD readme.txt -> 恢复被修改的文件(未被commit),并不会更改文件内容，只是使之回到已修改状态
   git commit --amend -m a01.txt -> 恢复被删除的文件(已被commit)

4. git remote add origin https://github.com/YourAccountName/name.git -> 这样就可以用origin这个名字来引用添加的远程仓库

5. git fetch origin -> 并不能看到工作目录下有任何变化，只是把远程的数据抓取到本地，而不会把改动合并到当前的分支上
   git pull https://github.com/YourAccountName/name.git -> 把远程仓库抓取到本地，并合并本地master分支

6. git push -u origin master -> 将本地的数据更新到远程仓库中
   git push -> 以后直接使用

遇到的错误(慢慢更新......)

1. git push origin master

To https://github.com/PatrickYates/patrickyates.github.com.git
 ! [rejected]        master -> master (non-fast-forward)
error: failed to push some refs to 'https://github.com/PatrickYates/patrickyates
.github.com.git'
hint: Updates were rejected because the tip of your current branch is behind
hint: its remote counterpart. Integrate the remote changes (e.g.
hint: 'git pull ...') before pushing again.
hint: See the 'Note about fast-forwards' in 'git push --help' for details.```
* 解决办法：当前的本地仓库不是最新的，应该pull到本地



### 2. git pull https://github.com/YourAccountName/name.git

From https://github.com/YourAccountName/name.git

• branch HEAD -> FETCH_HEAD
  fatal: refusing to merge unrelated histories```

>git pull https://github.com/YourAccountName/name.git
warning: no common commits
remote: Counting objects: 60, done.
remote: Compressing objects: 100% (51/51), done.
remote: Total 60 (delta 1), reused 60 (delta 1), pack-reused 0
Unpacking objects: 100% (60/60), done.
From https://github.com/YourAccountName/name.git
 * branch            HEAD       -> FETCH_HEAD
fatal: refusing to merge unrelated histories```
* 解决办法：本地代码与远程仓库代码完全不同，无法合并  

--------------------

## 其他Git精华教程：  
1. [交互编程-15分钟学会github](http://try.github.io/levels/1/challenges/1)  
2. [书籍-重量级教程progit](https://github.com/numbbbbb/progit-zh-pdf-epub-mobi)  
3. [书籍-git magic](https://github.com/blynn/gitmagic/tree/master/zh_cn)  
4. [教程-如何高效利用GitHub](http://www.yangzhiping.com/tech/github.html)  
5. [教程-git immersion](http://gitimmersion.com/)  
[中文版](http://igit.linuxtoy.org/contents.html)  
6. [Pro Git](http://link.zhihu.com/?target=http%3A//git-scm.com/book/zh/v2)

## Git学习资源
[Githug](https://github.com/Gazler/githug)： 墙裂推荐！！！
[「Githug」Git 游戏通关流程](http://www.jianshu.com/p/482b32716bbe)  
[Githug通关全攻略](http://fancyoung.com/blog/githug-cheat-sheet/)  
[Try Git](https://try.github.io/levels/1/challenges/1)  
[Learn Git Branching](http://pcottle.github.io/learnGitBranching/)  


## 参考资料
[必须要会的Git基本使用及常用命令操作](http://www.jianshu.com/p/555e7a188312)  
[全面理解Git](https://zhuanlan.zhihu.com/p/24081900)  
[Git常用命令总结](http://www.cnblogs.com/mengdd/p/4153773.html)  
[【开源必备】常用git命令](https://zhuanlan.zhihu.com/p/25868120)