区块链起源于中本聪的比特币，作为比特币的底层技术，本质上是一个去中心化的数据库。 是指通过去中心化和去信任的方式集体维护一个可靠数据库的技术方案。 区块链技术是一种不依赖第三方、通过自身分布式节点进行网络数据的存储、验证、传递和交流的一种技术方案。
上一篇给大家分享了学术范里的三篇论文，主要集中在区块链的技术概述方面，此篇分享一下区块链面临的挑战与机遇、研究技术进展与未来的发展趋势。
文献均来自学术范Blockchain-研究方向详细 - 学术范 (xueshufan.com)
参考翻译：学术范自带翻译（边浏览边翻译这个功能对英语渣渣太太友好了！）
Where Is Current Research on Blockchain Technology?-A Systematic Review.
期刊论文2016PLOS ONE
Jesse Yli-Huumo 1 /Deokyoon Ko 2 /Su-jin Choi 2 /Sooyong Park 2 /Kari Smolander 3
1Lappeenranta University of Technology2Sogang University3Aalto University
Blockchain is a decentralized transaction and data management technology developed first for Bitcoin cryptocurrency. The interest in Blockchain technology has been increasing since the idea was coined in 2008. The reason for the interest in Blockchain is its central attributes that provide security, anonymity and data integrity without any third party organization in control of the transactions, and therefore it creates interesting research areas, especially from the perspective of technical challenges and limitations. In this research, we have conducted a systematic mapping study with the goal of collecting all relevant research on Blockchain technology. Our objective is to understand the current research topics, challenges and future directions regarding Blockchain technology from the technical perspective. We have extracted 41 primary papers from scientific databases. The results show that focus in over 80% of the papers is on Bitcoin system and less than 20% deals with other Blockchain applications including e.g. smart contracts and licensing. The majority of research is focusing on revealing and improving limitations of Blockchain from privacy and security perspectives, but many of the proposed solutions lack concrete evaluation on their effectiveness. Many other Blockchain scalability related challenges including throughput and latency have been left unstudied. On the basis of this study, recommendations on future research directions are provided for researchers.
Blockchain challenges and opportunities: a survey
期刊论文2018International Journal of Web and Grid Services
Zibin Zheng 1 /Shaoan Xie 1 /Hong-Ning Dai 2 /Xiangping Chen 1 /Huaimin Wang 3
1Sun Yat-sen University2Macau University of Science and Technology3National University of Defense Technology
Blockchain has numerous benefits such as decentralisation, persistency, anonymity and auditability. There is a wide spectrum of blockchain applications ranging from cryptocurrency, financial services, risk management, internet of things (IoT) to public and social services. Although a number of studies focus on using the blockchain technology in various application aspects, there is no comprehensive survey on the blockchain technology in both technological and application perspectives. To fill this gap, we conduct a comprehensive survey on the blockchain technology. In particular, this paper gives the blockchain taxonomy, introduces typical blockchain consensus algorithms, reviews blockchain applications and discusses technical challenges as well as recent advances in tackling the challenges. Moreover, this paper also points out the future directions in the blockchain technology.
Blockchain: Blueprint for a New Economy
著作2015
Bitcoin is starting to come into its own as a digital currency, but the blockchain technology behind it could prove to be much more significant. This book takes you beyond the currency ("Blockchain 1.0") and smart contracts ("Blockchain 2.0") to demonstrate how the blockchain is in position to become the fifth disruptive computing paradigm after mainframes, PCs, the Internet, and mobile/social networking. Author Melanie Swan, Founder of the Institute for Blockchain Studies, explains that the blockchain is essentially a public ledger with potential as a worldwide, decentralized record for the registration, inventory, and transfer of all assetsnot just finances, but property and intangible assets such as votes, software, health data, and ideas. Topics include:Concepts, features, and functionality of Bitcoin and the blockchain Using the blockchain for automated tracking of all digital endeavors Enabling censorship? resistant organizational modelsCreating a decentralized digital repository to verify identity Possibility of cheaper, more efficient services traditionally provided by nations Blockchain for science: making better use of the data-mining network Personal health record storage, including access to ones own genomic dataOpen access academic publishing on the blockchain This book is part of an ongoing OReilly series. Mastering Bitcoin: Unlocking Digital Crypto-Currencies introduces Bitcoin and describes the technology behind Bitcoin and the blockchain. Blockchain: Blueprint for a New Economy considers theoretical, philosophical, and societal impact of cryptocurrencies and blockchain technologies.
