oracle安装教程

## Linux Centos 7下静默安装Oracle11gR2

记得设置编码格式

### 准备工作

> 在网上搜索的是Centos7

> 1. 确认主机名称一致

> ~~~shell

> [root@ora11g ~]# vim /etc/hosts

> 192.168.134.159 ora11g

> ~~~

> 2. 上传数据库安装的压缩文件

> ~~~shell

> [root@ora11g ~]# ll

> -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1239269270 Apr 25 20:41 linux.x64_11gR2_database_1of2.zip

> -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1111416131 Apr 25 20:40 linux.x64_11gR2_database_2of2.zip

> [root@ora11g ~]# unzip linux.x64_11gR2_database_1of2.zip

> [root@ora11g ~]# unzip linux.x64_11gR2_database_2of2.zip

> # 解压完成出现database文件夹

> ~~~

> 3. 验证所需要的RPM包是否齐全

> ~~~shell

> [root@ora11g ~]# rpm -q binutils compat-libcap1 compat-libstdc++-33 gcc gcc-c++ glibc glibc-devel ksh

> binutils-2.27-41.base.el7_7.3.x86_64

> compat-libcap1-1.10-7.el7.x86_64

> compat-libstdc++-33-3.2.3-72.el7.x86_64

> gcc-4.8.5-39.el7.x86_64

> gcc-c++-4.8.5-39.el7.x86_64

> glibc-2.17-292.el7.x86_64

> glibc-devel-2.17-292.el7.x86_64

> ksh-20120801-140.el7_7.x86_64

> [root@ora11g ~]# rpm -q libgcc libstdc++ libstdc++-devel libaio libaio-devel make sysstat unixODBC unixODBC-devel

> libgcc-4.8.5-39.el7.i686

> libgcc-4.8.5-39.el7.x86_64

> libstdc++-4.8.5-39.el7.x86_64

> libstdc++-devel-4.8.5-39.el7.x86_64

> libaio-0.3.109-13.el7.x86_64

> libaio-0.3.109-13.el7.i686

> libaio-devel-0.3.109-13.el7.i686

> libaio-devel-0.3.109-13.el7.x86_64

> make-3.82-24.el7.x86_64

> sysstat-10.1.5-18.el7_7.1.x86_64

> unixODBC-2.3.1-14.el7.x86_64

> unixODBC-devel-2.3.1-14.el7.x86_64

> ~~~

### 修改系统文件参数

> 1. 配置linux内核参数

> ~~~shell

> # 添加如下参数

> [root@ora11g ~]# vim /etc/sysctl.conf

> kernel.shmmax = 68719476736

> kernel.shmall = 4294967296

> fs.file-max = 6815744

> kernel.shmmni = 4096

> kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128

> net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 9000 65500

> net.core.rmem_default = 262144

> net.core.rmem_max = 4194304

> net.core.wmem_default = 262144

> net.core.wmem_max = 1048586

> fs.aio-max-nr = 1048576

> ~~~

> 2. 配置资源使用情况

> ~~~shell

> # 添加如下参数

> [root@ora11g ~]# vim /etc/security/limits.conf

> oracle soft nproc 2047

> oracle hard nproc 16384

> oracle soft nofile 1024

> oracle hard nofile 65536

> oracle hard stack 10240

> ~~~

> 3. 登录设置

> ~~~shell

> # 追加如下参数

> [root@ora11g ~]# vim /etc/pam.d/login

> session required /lib64/security/pam_limits.so

> session required pam_limits.so

> [root@ora11g ~]# vim /etc/profile

> if [ $USER = "oracle" ]; then

> if [ $SHELL = "/bin/ksh" ]; then

> ulimit -p 16384

> ulimit -n 65536

> else

> ulimit -u 16384 -n 65536

> fi

> ~~~

> 4. 关闭selinux,确保SELINUX=disable

> ~~~shell

> [root@ora11g ~]# vim /etc/selinux/config

> # This file controls the state of SELinux on the system.

> # SELINUX= can take one of these three values:

> # enforcing - SELinux security policy is enforced.

> # permissive - SELinux prints warnings instead of enforcing.

> # disabled - No SELinux policy is loaded.

> SELINUX=disabled

> # SELINUXTYPE= can take one of three two values:

> # targeted - Targeted processes are protected,

> # minimum - Modification of targeted policy. Only selected processes are protected.

> # mls - Multi Level Security protection.

> SELINUXTYPE=targeted

> ~~~

### 创建用户,用户组和安装目录

> 1. 创建oinstall和dba组,oracle用户

> ~~~shell

> [root@ora11g ~]# groupadd oinstall

> [root@ora11g ~]# groupadd dba

> [root@ora11g ~]# useradd -g oinstall -G dba oracle

> # 修改oracle用户密码

> [root@ora11g ~]# passwd oracle

> ~~~

> 2. 创建安装目录并修改所属用户和组

> ~~~shell

> [root@ora11g ~]# mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle

> [root@ora11g ~]# chown -R oracle:oinstall /u01/app/

> ~~~

### 修改环境变量

> 1. 切换到oracle用户

> ~~~shell

> [root@ora11g ~]# su - oracle

> ~~~

> 2. 修改环境变量

> ~~~shell

> # 进入到根路径

> [oracle@ora11g root]$ cd

> # 修改环境变量

> [oracle@ora11g ~]$ vim .bash_profile

> export ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/oracle

> export ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/product/11.2.0/db_1

> export ORACLE_SID=ora11g

> export PATH=$PATH:$HOME/bin:$ORACLE_HOME/bin

> export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib:/usr/lib

> # 使环境变量生效

> [oracle@ora11g ~]$ source .bash_profile

> ~~~

### 移动database文件夹(解压后的文件夹)

> 1. 切换回root用户

> ~~~shell

> # 切换成 root 用户,输入登录密码

> [oracle@ora11g ~]$ su root

> Password:

> ~~~

> 2. 移动database文件文件夹

> ~~~shell

> [root@ora11g ~]# mv database/ /u01/

> [root@ora11g ~]# chown -R oracle:oinstall database/

> [root@ora11g ~]# cd /u01/

> [root@ora11g u01]# chmod -R 777 database/

> ~~~

### 静默安装oracle

> 1. 修改相应文件 db_install.rsp

> ~~~shell

> [root@ora11g ~]# vim /u01/database/response/db_install.rsp

> oracle.install.option=INSTALL_DB_SWONLY #选择安装类型：1.只装数据库软件 2.安装数据库软件并建库 3.升级数据库

> ORACLE_HOSTNAME=ora11g #指定操作系统主机名，通过hostname命令获得

> UNIX_GROUP_NAME=oinstall #指定oracle inventory目录的所有者，通常会是oinstall或者dba

> INVENTORY_LOCATION=/u01/app/oraInventory #指定产品清单oracle inventory目录的路径

> SELECTED_LANGUAGES=en,zh_CN,zh_TW #指定数据库语言，可以选择多个，用逗号隔开

> ORACLE_HOME=/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1 #设置ORALCE_HOME的路径

> ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/oracle # 设置ORALCE_BASE的路径

> oracle.install.db.InstallEdition=EE #选择Oracle安装数据库软件的版本

> oracle.install.db.isCustomInstall=false

> oracle.install.db.DBA_GROUP=dba #指定拥有OSDBA、OSOPER权限的用户组，通常会是dba组

> oracle.install.db.OPER_GROUP=oinstall

> oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.type=GENERAL_PURPOSE #选择数据库的用途，一般用途/事物处理，数据仓库

> oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.globalDBName=ora11g #指定GlobalName

> oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.SID=ora11g #指定SID

> oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.characterSet=AL32UTF8 #选择字符集。不正确的字符集会给数据显示和存储带来麻烦无数。

> #通常中文选择的有ZHS16GBK简体中文库，根据公司规定自行选择

> oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.password.ALL=123456 #设定所有数据库用户使用同一个密码，其它数据库用户就不用单独设置了。

> DECLINE_SECURITY_UPDATES=true # False表示不需要设置安全更新，注意，在11.2的静默安装中疑似有一个BUG

> ~~~

> 2. 切换到 oracle 用户

> ~~~shell

> # 切换用户

> [root@ora11g u01]# su oracle

> # 进入database,执行runInstaller

> [oracle@ora11g database]$ ./runInstaller -silent -ignorePrereq -responseFile /u01/database/response/db_install.rsp

> ~~~

> 3. 切换到root用户,使用tail -f查看实时日志

> 4. 等待出现提示

> ~~~shell

> 出现类似如下提示表示安装完成：

> #-------------------------------------------------------------------

> ...

> /u01/app/oraInventory/orainstRoot.sh

> /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/root.sh

> To execute the configuration scripts:

> 1. Open a terminal window

> 2. Log in as "root"

> 3. Run the scripts

> 4. Return to this window and hit "Enter" key to continue

> Successfully Setup Software.

> #-------------------------------------------------------------------

> ~~~

> 5. 打开新窗口,使用root用户执行以下命令

> ~~~shell

> [root@ora11g ~]# /u01/app/oraInventory/orainstRoot.sh

> [root@ora11g ~]# /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/root.sh

> ~~~

### 静默安装监听

> ```shell

> [oracle@ora11g ~]$ /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/bin/netca /silent /responseFile /u01/database/response/netca.rsp

> ```

### 静默创建数据库

> 1. 编辑dbca.rsp

> ~~~shell

> [root@ora11g ~]# vim /u01/database/response/dbca.rsp

> #以下内容不要修改

> RESPONSEFILE_VERSION = "11.2.0"

> OPERATION_TYPE = "createDatabase"

> #以下内容必须设置

> GDBNAME = "ora11g"

> SID = "ora11g"

> TEMPLATENAME = "General_Purpose.dbc"

> #以下内容根据需要修改

> CHARACTERSET = "ZHS16GBK"

> ~~~

> 2. 使用oracle用户执行建库命令

> ~~~shell

> [oracle@ora11g ~]$ /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/bin/dbca -silent -responseFile /u01/database/response/dbca.rsp

> # 会出现将命令全部删除,变成什么都没有的黑窗口,直接输入配置的密码即可,这里是提示输入sys和system的密码

> # 这里我是配置的123456,输入两边即可

> # 出现如下提示:

> Copying database files

> ...

> 37% complete

> Creating and starting Oracle instance

> ...

> 62% complete

> Completing Database Creation

> ...

> 100% complete

> Look at the log file "/u01/app/oracle/cfgtoollogs/dbca/ORCL/ORCL.log" for further details.

> ~~~

### 静默安装完成

## 远程连接相关

### 关闭oracle

> 1. 切换到oracle用户

> ~~~shell

> [root@ora11g ~]# su oracle

> # 关闭监听

> [oracle@ora11g ~]$ lsnrctl stop

> bash: lsnrctl: command not found

> # 如果找不到命令,就查看一下 .bash_profile 文件中是否是在 oracle 用户下进行添加的环境变量

> [oracle@ora11g ~]$ vim .bash_profile

> export ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/oracle

> export ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/product/11.2.0/db_1

> export ORACLE_SID=ora11g

> export PATH=$PATH:$HOME/bin:$ORACLE_HOME/bin

> export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib:/usr/lib

> # 使环境变量生效

> [oracle@ora11g ~]$ source .bash_profile

> # 使用管理员身份连接数据库

> [oracle@ora11g ~]$ sqlplus / as sysdba

> # 关闭实例

> SQL> shutdow immediate;

> ~~~

### 修改相关配置文件

> 1. 修改配置文件 tnsnames.ora

> ~~~shell

> [oracle@ora11g ~]$ cd /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/network/admin/

> [oracle@ora11g admin]$ ll

> total 16

> -rw-r--r-- 1 oracle oinstall 539 Apr 26 11:13 listener.ora

> drwxr-xr-x 2 oracle oinstall 64 Apr 26 09:24 samples

> -rw-r--r-- 1 oracle oinstall 187 May 7 2007 shrept.lst

> -rw-r--r-- 1 oracle oinstall 219 Apr 26 09:29 sqlnet.ora

> -rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 326 Apr 26 10:15 tnsnames.ora

> # 修改配置文件

> [oracle@ora11g admin]$ vim tnsnames.ora

> ORA11G =

> (DESCRIPTION =

> (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = ora11g)(PORT = 1521))

> (CONNECT_DATA =

> (SERVER = DEDICATED)

> (SERVICE_NAME = ora11g)

> )

> ~~~

> 2. 修改监听文件 listener.ora

> ~~~shell

> # 修改配置文件

> [oracle@ora11g admin]$ vim listener.ora

> # 内容如下

> LISTENER =

> (DESCRIPTION_LIST =

> (DESCRIPTION =

> (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = IPC)(KEY = EXTPROC1521))

> (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = ora11g)(PORT = 1521))

> )

> SID_LIST_LISTENER =

> (SID_LIST =

> (SID_DESC =

> (SID_NAME = ora11g)

> (ORACLE_HOME = /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1)

> (GLOBAL_DBNAME= ora11g)

> )

> ADR_BASE_LISTENER = /u01/app/oracle

> ~~~

### 启动oracle

> 1. 启动

> ~~~shell

> # 使用管理员身份连接数据库

> [oracle@ora11g ~]$ sqlplus / as sysdba

> # 开启实例

> SQL> startup;

> # 启动监听

> [oracle@ora11g ~]$ lsnrctl start

> ~~~