引言:之前使用的是lnmp.org的一键搭建环境,现在自己手动搭建一个Lnmp环境来。搭建过程中遇到不少问题,在网上搜索“centos7搭建lnmp”,会有很多相关文章(额我现在这篇也是了,哈哈),但如果完全按照其中一篇文章从头到尾的复制粘贴的话,不说很有可能搭建不成功,出很多问题,也得不到学习的效果。那我是搜到其中一篇逻辑还行的文章,按照步骤来敲,然后遇到问题会单独拎出问题去寻找解决方法,好了,废话不多说,这里啰嗦了几句,以下是我记录的搭建过程
一、准备工作
1、首先搭建好centos环境后,查看ip:ifconfig
,获取到虚拟机的ip,用xshell等软件来连接(原系统里操作实在是在难受了)
2、安装相关工具:yum(系统自带了)
yum -y install vim
yum -y install net-tools
yum -y install gcc-c++
二、安装nginx
安装pcre-devel
yum -y install pcre-devel
安装gzip
yum -y install zlib-devel
安装openssl
yum -y install openssl-devel
-
下载nginx
nginx官方下载地址
http://nginx.org/en/download.html
获取目前最新稳定版
wget http://nginx.org/download/nginx-1.16.1.tar.gz
解压nginx压缩包
tar zxvf nginx-1.16.1.tar.gz
进入目录
cd nginx-1.16.1
进行编译安装
./configure --prefix=/usr/local/nginx
然后
make && make install
会安装到/usr/local/nginx启动nginx
/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx
-
查看nginx是否启动
ps -ef|grep nginx
三、安装mysql
一、安装YUM Repo
1、由于CentOS 的yum源中没有mysql,需要到mysql的官网下载yum repo配置文件。
下载命令:(注意下载位置)
wget https://dev.mysql.com/get/mysql57-community-release-el7-9.noarch.rpm
2、然后进行repo的安装:
rpm -ivh mysql57-community-release-el7-9.noarch.rpm
执行完成后会在/etc/yum.repos.d/
目录下生成两个repo文件mysql-community.repo mysql-community-source.repo
二、使用yum命令即可完成安装
注意:必须进入到 /etc/yum.repos.d/目录后再执行以下脚本
1、安装命令:
yum install mysql-server
2、启动msyql:
systemctl start mysqld
3、获取安装时的临时密码(在第一次登录时就是用这个密码):
grep 'temporary password' /var/log/mysqld.log
mysql -uroot -p临时密码
这里有个问题,就是临时密码里可能会包含/或者分号;这样的,就会在输入密码的时候报错,/这样的可以在第二行输入密码就可以解决,mysql -uroot -p 然后回车,再输入密码,关于分号我到现在还没找到解决方法,待后续
4、倘若没有获取临时密码,则
4.1、删除原来安装过的mysql残留的数据
rm -rf /var/lib/mysql
4.2.再启动mysql
systemctl start mysqld
修改设置密码强度:
首先需要设置密码的验证强度等级,设置 validate_password_policy 的全局参数为 LOW 即可,
输入设值语句 “set global validate_password_policy=LOW;
” 进行设值,当前密码长度为 8 ,如果不介意的话就不用修改了,按照通用的来讲,设置为 6 位的密码,设置 validate_password_length 的全局参数为 6 即可,
输入设值语句 “set global validate_password_length=6;
” 进行设值,现在可以为 mysql 设置简单密码了,只要满足六位的长度即可,
输入修改语句 “ALTER USER 'root'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY '123456';
” 可以看到修改成功,表示密码策略修改成功了。
注:在默认密码的长度最小值为 4 ,由 大/小写字母各一个 + 阿拉伯数字一个 + 特殊字符一个,
只要设置密码的长度小于 3 ,都将自动设值为 4 ,
关于 mysql 密码策略相关参数;
1)、validate_password_length 固定密码的总长度;
2)、validate_password_dictionary_file 指定密码验证的文件路径;
3)、validate_password_mixed_case_count 整个密码中至少要包含大/小写字母的总个数;
4)、validate_password_number_count 整个密码中至少要包含阿拉伯数字的个数;
5)、validate_password_policy 指定密码的强度验证等级,默认为 MEDIUM;
关于 validate_password_policy 的取值:
LOW:只验证长度;
1/MEDIUM:验证长度、数字、大小写、特殊字符;
2/STRONG:验证长度、数字、大小写、特殊字符、字典文件;
6)、validate_password_special_char_count 整个密码中至少要包含特殊字符的个数;
四、安装PHP
- 获取PHP
可自行选择php版本
http://php.net/
这里用的7.1.9
wget -O php-7.1.9.tar.gz http://am1.php.net/get/php-7.1.9.tar.gz/from/this/mirror
解压
tar zxvf php-7.1.9.tar.gz
进入目录
cd php-7.1.9
安装编译时需要的依赖包
yum -y install libxml2 libxml2-devel openssl openssl-devel curl-devel libjpeg-devel libpng-devel freetype-devel libmcrypt-devel libxslt libxslt-devel
php 安装配置
注:(下面这个是原先的,正确的在后面,为记录遇到的问题,把过程说一下)
./configure --prefix=/usr/local/php --with-config-file-path=/usr/local/php/etc --enable-fpm --with-fpm-user=nginx --with-fpm-group=nginx --enable-inline-optimization --disable-debug --disable-rpath --enable-shared --enable-soap --with-xmlrpc --with-openssl --with-mcrypt --with-pcre-regex --with-sqlite3 --with-zlib --enable-bcmath --with-iconv --with-bz2 --enable-calendar --with-curl --with-cdb --enable-dom --enable-exif --enable-fileinfo --enable-filter --with-pcre-dir --enable-ftp --with-gd --with-openssl-dir --with-jpeg-dir --with-png-dir --with-freetype-dir --enable-gd-native-ttf --enable-gd-jis-conv --with-gettext --with-gmp --with-mhash --enable-json --enable-mbstring --enable-mbregex --enable-mbregex-backtrack --with-libmbfl --with-onig --enable-pdo --with-mysqli=mysqlnd --with-pdo-mysql=mysqlnd --with-zlib-dir --with-pdo-sqlite --with-readline --enable-session --enable-shmop --enable-simplexml --enable-sockets --enable-sysvmsg --enable-sysvsem --enable-sysvshm --enable-wddx --with-libxml-dir --with-xsl --enable-zip --enable-mysqlnd-compression-support --with-pear --enable-opcache
遇到的问题如下:
1、configure: error: Please reinstall the BZip2 distribution
解决:yum -y install bzip2 bzip2-devel
2、configure: error: Unable to locate gmp.h
解决:yum -y install gmp-devel
3、configure: error: mcrypt.h not found. Please reinstall libmcrypt.
方法一:
yum install -y epel-release
yum install -y libmcrypt-devel
两个不能一起安装,因为CentOs6默认的yum源没有 libmcrypt-devel这个包,只能借助epel的yum源,所以先安装epel,再安装
libmcrypt。
4、configure: error: Please reinstall readline - I cannot find readline.h
解决:yum -y install readline-devel
5、configure: error: system libzip must be upgraded to version >= 0.11
解决:
yum -y remove libzip-devel
1 、wget https://libzip.org/download/libzip-1.3.2.tar.gz
2 、tar xvf libzip-1.3.2.tar.gz
3 、cd libzip-1.3.2
4 、./configure
5 、make && make install
详见:https://www.cnblogs.com/itbsl/p/10208926.html
6、configure: error: off_t undefined; check your library configuration
解决:
vim /etc/ld.so.conf
添加如下几行
/usr/local/lib64
/usr/local/lib
/usr/lib
/usr/lib64
保存退出
:wq
ldconfig -v # 使之生效
7、configure: WARNING: unrecognized options: --with-mcrypt, --enable-gd-native-ttf, --with-libmbfl
php7不支持这几个,去掉就行了
所以,正确的配置:
./configure --prefix=/usr/local/php --with-config-file-path=/usr/local/php/etc --enable-fpm --with-fpm-user=nginx --with-fpm-group=nginx --enable-inline-optimization --disable-debug --disable-rpath --enable-shared --enable-soap --with-xmlrpc --with-openssl --with-pcre-regex --with-sqlite3 --with-zlib --enable-bcmath --with-iconv --with-bz2 --enable-calendar --with-curl --with-cdb --enable-dom --enable-exif --enable-fileinfo --enable-filter --with-pcre-dir --enable-ftp --with-gd --with-openssl-dir --with-jpeg-dir --with-png-dir --with-freetype-dir --enable-gd-jis-conv --with-gettext --with-gmp --with-mhash --enable-json --enable-mbstring --enable-mbregex --enable-mbregex-backtrack --with-onig --enable-pdo --with-mysqli=mysqlnd --with-pdo-mysql=mysqlnd --with-zlib-dir --with-pdo-sqlite --with-readline --enable-session --enable-shmop --enable-simplexml --enable-sockets --enable-sysvmsg --enable-sysvsem --enable-sysvshm --enable-wddx --with-libxml-dir --with-xsl --enable-zip --enable-mysqlnd-compression-support --with-pear --enable-opcache
- 编译安装
make && make install
配置php环境变量
vim /etc/profile
在末尾加上
PATH=$PATH:/usr/local/php/bin
export PATH
保存后使之立即生效
source /etc/profile
-
查看PHP版本
php -v
五、配置nginx支持php-fpm
php-fpm相关配置
php的默认安装位置在 /usr/local/php
对php-fpm运行用户进行设置
首先创建web用户
用户 组都设置为www-data,可以自己定(实际上在配置时已经设为www-data了)
groupadd www-data
useradd -g www-data www-data
复制一份php-fpm配置文件
cd /usr/local/php/etc
cp php-fpm.conf.default php-fpm.conf
-
打开 php-fpm.d目录,复制默认配置文件并打开修改
cd php-fpm.d
cp www.conf.default www.conf
vim www.conf
将user和group都改成www-data
保存退出,重启php-fpm服务
/usr/local/php/sbin/php-fpm
-
php-fpm默认使用9000端口,使用如下命令可查看是否成功启动
netstat -lnt | grep 9000
nginx相关配置
- 打开nginx配置文件
vim /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
修改用户组
1、第一行注释去掉 nobody改为www-data
2、添加index.php,使nginx默认使用index.php为入口页
3、配置php-fpm模块
注释去掉,将/scripts改为$document_root
- 以上都修改后保存退出
- 先检测相关配置是否正确
/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -t
显示正确,重启nginx
/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -s reload
切到nginx下的html目录(默认代码目录)
新建index.php
<?php
echo 111;
?>
chown www-data /usr/local/nginx/html/ -R #设置目录所有者
chmod 700 /usr/local/nginx/html/ -R #设置目录权限关闭并禁用防火墙 (https://blog.csdn.net/Tacks/article/details/83624194)
systemctl stop firewalld.service
systemctl disable firewalld.service
-
浏览器ip访问
-
linux中打印:curl http:127.0.0.1/index.php
收工!
参考:
https://blog.csdn.net/u011781521/article/details/75675019
https://blog.csdn.net/huangjinao/article/details/102676468
https://blog.csdn.net/wohiusdashi/article/details/89358071
https://www.cnblogs.com/linchuanye/p/10799067.html
https://blog.csdn.net/aerchi/article/details/83858180
https://blog.csdn.net/Tacks/article/details/83624194
https://www.cnblogs.com/ANCAN-RAY/p/8342472.html
后续
在检查php编译配置时,一些问题的解决方法
错误:configure: error: libevent >= 1.4.11 could not be found
解决:yum -y install libevent libevent-devel
错误:configure: error: Please reinstall the mysql distributio
解决:yum -y install mysql-devel
错误:make: *** [sapi/fpm/php-fpm] error 1
解决:用make ZEND_EXTRA_LIBS='-liconv'编译
错误:configure: error: XML configuration could not be found
解决:yum -y install libxml2 libxml2-devel
错误:configure: error: No curses/termcap library found
解决:yum -y install ncurses ncurses-devel
错误:configure: error: xml2-config not found
解决:yum -y install libxml2 libxml2-devel
错误:configure: error: Cannot find OpenSSL's <evp.h>
解决:yum install openssl openssl-devel
错误:configure: error: Please reinstall the libcurl distribution -easy.h should be in <curl-dir>/include/curl/
解决:yum install curl curl-devel
错误:configure: error: Cannot find ldap.h
解决:yum install openldap openldap-devel
错误:configure: error: libjpeg.(a|so) not found
解决:yum install libjpeglibjpeg -devel
错误:configure: error: libpng.(a|so) not found.
解决:yum install libpnglibpng –devel
错误:onfigure: error: freetype.h not found.
解决:yum install freetype-devel
错误:configure: error: cannot find output from lex; giving up
解决:yum -y install flex
错误:configure: error: mod_deflate has been requested but can not be built due to prerequisite failures
解决:yum -y install zlib-devel openssl-devel
错误:Configure: error: Unable to locate gmp.h
解决:yum install gmp-devel
错误:Configure: error: Cannot find MySQL header files under /usr.
Note that the MySQL client library is not bundled anymore!
解决:yum install mysql-devel
更多的补充内容:
安装php: ./configure
configure: error: XML configuration could not be found
yum -y install libxml2 libxml2-devel
Cannot find OpenSSL's <evp.h>
yum install openssl openssl-devel
1) Configure: error: xml2-config not found. Please check your libxml2 installation.
#yum install libxml2 libxml2-devel (For RedHat & Fedora)
# aptitude install libxml2-dev (For Ubuntu)
2) Checking for pkg-config… /usr/bin/pkg-config
configure: error: Cannot find OpenSSL's <evp.h>
#yum install openssl openssl-devel
3) Configure: error: Please reinstall the BZip2 distribution
# yum install bzip2 bzip2-devel
4) Configure: error: Please reinstall the libcurl distribution -
easy.h should be in <curl-dir>/include/curl/
# yum install curl curl-devel (For RedHat & Fedora)
# install libcurl4-gnutls-dev (For Ubuntu)
5) Configure: error: libjpeg.(also) not found.
# yum install libjpeg libjpeg-devel
6) Configure: error: libpng.(also) not found.
# yum install libpng libpng-devel
7) Configure: error: freetype.h not found.
#yum install freetype-devel
8) Configure: error: Unable to locate gmp.h
# yum install gmp-devel
9) Configure: error: Cannot find MySQL header files under /usr.
Note that the MySQL client library is not bundled anymore!
# yum install mysql-devel (For RedHat & Fedora)
# apt-get install libmysql++-dev (For Ubuntu)
10) Configure: error: Please reinstall the ncurses distribution
# yum install ncurses ncurses-devel
11) Checking for unixODBC support… configure: error: ODBC header file ‘/usr/include/sqlext.h' not found!
# yum install unixODBC-devel
12) Configure: error: Cannot find pspell
# yum install pspell-devel
13) configure: error: mcrypt.h not found. Please reinstall libmcrypt.
# yum install libmcrypt libmcrypt-devel (For RedHat & Fedora)
# apt-get install libmcrypt-dev
14) Configure: error: snmp.h not found. Check your SNMP installation.
# yum install net-snmp net-snmp-devel
15)
/usr/bin/ld: cannot find -lltdl
collect2: ld returned 1 exit status
make: *** [sapi/cgi/php-cgi] Error 1
# yum install libtool-ltdl.x86_64 libtool-ltdl-devel.x86_64
16)
为php编译xcache模块的时候,需要运行phpize
得到了一个错误
#/usr/local/php/bin/phpize
Configuring for:
PHP Api Version: 20041225
Zend Module Api No: 20060613
Zend Extension Api No: 220060519
Cannot find autoconf. Please check your autoconf installation and the $PHP_AUTOCONF
environment variable is set correctly and then rerun this script.
通过安装 autoconf 可以解决
centos下执行 yum install autoconf 即可
Ubuntu下执行 apt-get install autoconf 即可
17)
# /usr/local/php/bin/phpize
Cannot find config.m4.
Make sure that you run '/usr/local/php/bin/phpize' in the top level source directory of the module
修改方法:
[root@centos lnmp]# cd php-5.2.14ext/
[root@centos ext]# ./ext_skel --extname=my_module
Creating directory my_module
Creating basic files: config.m4 config.w32 .cvsignore my_module.c php_my_module.h CREDITS EXPERIMENTAL tests/001.phpt my_module.php [done].
To use your new extension, you will have to execute the following steps:
1. $ cd ..
2. $ vi ext/my_module/config.m4
3. $ ./buildconf
4. $ ./configure --[with|enable]-my_module
5. $ make
6. $ ./php -f ext/my_module/my_module.php
7. $ vi ext/my_module/my_module.c
8. $ make
Repeat steps 3-6 until you are satisfied with ext/my_module/config.m4 and
step 6 confirms that your module is compiled into PHP. Then, start writing
code and repeat the last two steps as often as necessary.
[root@centos ext]# cd my_module/
[root@centos my_module]# vim config.m4
根据你自己的选择将
dnl PHP_ARG_WITH(my_module, for my_module support,
dnl Make sure that the comment is aligned:
dnl [ --with-my_module Include my_module support])
修改成
PHP_ARG_WITH(my_module, for my_module support,
Make sure that the comment is aligned:
[ --with-my_module Include my_module support])
或者将
dnl PHP_ARG_ENABLE(my_module, whether to enable my_module support,
dnl Make sure that the comment is aligned:
dnl [ --enable-my_module Enable my_module support])
修改成
PHP_ARG_ENABLE(my_module, whether to enable my_module support,
Make sure that the comment is aligned:
[ --enable-my_module Enable my_module support])
[root@centos my_module]# vim my_module.c
将文件其中的下列代码进行修改
/* Every user visible function must have an entry in my_module_functions[].
*/
function_entry my_module_functions[] = {
PHP_FE(say_hello, NULL) /* ?添加着一行代码 */
PHP_FE(confirm_my_module_compiled, NULL) /* For testing, remove later. */
{NULL, NULL, NULL} /* Must be the last line in my_module_functions[] */
};
在文件的最后添加下列代码
PHP_FUNCTION(say_hello)
{
zend_printf("hello sdomain!");
}
再修改:php_sdomain.h
vi php_sdomain.h
在PHP_FUNCTION(confirm_my_module_compiled ); /* For testing, remove later. */ 这行的下面添加一行:
PHP_FUNCTION(say_hello); /* For testing, remove later. */
保存文件退出
然后我们就可以在这个目录下使用上面的命令了
/usr/local/php/bin/phpize
执行以后会看到下面的
[root@ns sdomain]# /usr/local/php/bin/phpize
Configuring for:
PHP Api Version: 20020918
Zend Module Api No: 20020429
Zend Extension Api No: 20050606
[root@ns sdomain]#
然后执行./configure --with-php-config=/usr/local/php/bin/php-config
然后执行make
make install
然后他会把对应的so文件生成放到PHP安装目录下面的一个文件夹,并提示在在什么地方,然后再把里面的SO文件拷到你存放SO文件的地方
即你在php.ini里面的extension_dir所指定的位置
最后一步是你在php.ini文件中打开这个扩展
extension=sdomain.so
然后
重新起动apache