什么是IntentService？简单来说IntentService就是一个含有自身消息循环的Service，首先它是一个service，所以service相关具有的特性他都有，同时他还有一些自身的属性，其内部封装了一个消息队列和一个HandlerThread，在其具体的抽象方法：onHandleIntent方法是运行在其消息队列线程中，废话不多说，我们来看其简单的使用方法：
- 定义一个IntentService
public class MIntentService extends IntentService{
public MIntentService() {
super("");
}
@Override
protected void onHandleIntent(Intent intent) {
Log.i("tag", intent.getStringExtra("params") + " " + Thread.currentThread().getId());
}
}
- 在androidManifest.xml中定义service
<service
android:name=".MIntentService"
/>
- 启动这个service
title.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
@Override
public void onClick(View v) {
Intent intent = new Intent(MainActivity.this, MIntentService.class);
intent.putExtra("params", "ceshi");
startService(intent);
}
});
可以发现当点击title组件的时候，service接收到了消息并打印出了传递过去的intent参数，同时显示onHandlerIntent方法执行的线程ID并非主线程，这是为什么呢？
下面我们来看一下service的源码：
public abstract class IntentService extends Service {
private volatile Looper mServiceLooper;
private volatile ServiceHandler mServiceHandler;
private String mName;
private boolean mRedelivery;
private final class ServiceHandler extends Handler {
public ServiceHandler(Looper looper) {
super(looper);
}
@Override
public void handleMessage(Message msg) {
onHandleIntent((Intent)msg.obj);
stopSelf(msg.arg1);
}
}
/**
* Creates an IntentService. Invoked by your subclass's constructor.
*
* @param name Used to name the worker thread, important only for debugging.
*/
public IntentService(String name) {
super();
mName = name;
}
/**
* Sets intent redelivery preferences. Usually called from the constructor
* with your preferred semantics.
*
* <p>If enabled is true,
* {@link #onStartCommand(Intent, int, int)} will return
* {@link Service#START_REDELIVER_INTENT}, so if this process dies before
* {@link #onHandleIntent(Intent)} returns, the process will be restarted
* and the intent redelivered. If multiple Intents have been sent, only
* the most recent one is guaranteed to be redelivered.
*
* <p>If enabled is false (the default),
* {@link #onStartCommand(Intent, int, int)} will return
* {@link Service#START_NOT_STICKY}, and if the process dies, the Intent
* dies along with it.
*/
public void setIntentRedelivery(boolean enabled) {
mRedelivery = enabled;
}
@Override
public void onCreate() {
// TODO: It would be nice to have an option to hold a partial wakelock
// during processing, and to have a static startService(Context, Intent)
// method that would launch the service & hand off a wakelock.
super.onCreate();
HandlerThread thread = new HandlerThread("IntentService[" + mName + "]");
thread.start();
mServiceLooper = thread.getLooper();
mServiceHandler = new ServiceHandler(mServiceLooper);
}
@Override
public void onStart(Intent intent, int startId) {
Message msg = mServiceHandler.obtainMessage();
msg.arg1 = startId;
msg.obj = intent;
mServiceHandler.sendMessage(msg);
}
/**
* You should not override this method for your IntentService. Instead,
* override {@link #onHandleIntent}, which the system calls when the IntentService
* receives a start request.
* @see android.app.Service#onStartCommand
*/
@Override
public int onStartCommand(Intent intent, int flags, int startId) {
onStart(intent, startId);
return mRedelivery ? START_REDELIVER_INTENT : START_NOT_STICKY;
}
@Override
public void onDestroy() {
mServiceLooper.quit();
}
/**
* Unless you provide binding for your service, you don't need to implement this
* method, because the default implementation returns null.
* @see android.app.Service#onBind
*/
@Override
public IBinder onBind(Intent intent) {
return null;
}
/**
* This method is invoked on the worker thread with a request to process.
* Only one Intent is processed at a time, but the processing happens on a
* worker thread that runs independently from other application logic.
* So, if this code takes a long time, it will hold up other requests to
* the same IntentService, but it will not hold up anything else.
* When all requests have been handled, the IntentService stops itself,
* so you should not call {@link #stopSelf}.
*
* @param intent The value passed to {@link
* android.content.Context#startService(Intent)}.
*/
@WorkerThread
protected abstract void onHandleIntent(Intent intent);
}
怎么样，代码还是相当的简洁的，首先通过定义我们可以知道IntentService是一个Service，并且是一个抽象类，所以我们在继承IntentService的时候需要实现其抽象方法：onHandlerIntent。
下面看一下其onCreate方法：
@Override
public void onCreate() {
// TODO: It would be nice to have an option to hold a partial wakelock
// during processing, and to have a static startService(Context, Intent)
// method that would launch the service & hand off a wakelock.
super.onCreate();
HandlerThread thread = new HandlerThread("IntentService[" + mName + "]");
thread.start();
mServiceLooper = thread.getLooper();
mServiceHandler = new ServiceHandler(mServiceLooper);
}
我们可以发现其内部定义一个HandlerIThread（本质上是一个含有消息队列的线程）然后用成员变量维护其Looper和Handler，由于其Handler关联着这个HandlerThread的Looper对象，所以Handler的handMessage方法在HandlerThread线程中执行。
然后我们发现其onStartCommand方法就是调用的其onStart方法，具体看一下其onStart方法：
@Override
public void onStart(Intent intent, int startId) {
Message msg = mServiceHandler.obtainMessage();
msg.arg1 = startId;
msg.obj = intent;
mServiceHandler.sendMessage(msg);
}
很简单就是就是讲startId和启动时接受到的intent对象传递到消息队列中处理，那么我们具体看一下其消息队列的处理逻辑：
private final class ServiceHandler extends Handler {
public ServiceHandler(Looper looper) {
super(looper);
}
@Override
public void handleMessage(Message msg) {
onHandleIntent((Intent)msg.obj);
stopSelf(msg.arg1);
}
}
可以看到起handleMessage方法内部执行了两个逻辑一个是调用了其onHandlerIntent抽象方法，通过分析其onCreate方法handler对象的创建过程我们知道其handler对象是依附于HandlerThread线程的，所以其handeMessage方法也是在HandlerThread线程中执行的，从而证实了我们刚刚例子中的一个结论，onHandlerIntent在子线程中执行。
然后调用了stopSelf方法，这里需要注意的是stopSelf方法传递了msg.arg1参数，从刚刚的onStart方法我们可以知道我们传递了startId，参考其他文章我们知道，由于service可以启动N次，可以传递N次消息，当IntentService的消息队列中含有消息时调用stopSelf(startId)并不会立即stop自己，只有当消息队列中最后一个消息被执行完成时才会真正的stop自身。
通过上面的例子与相关说明，我们可以知道：
- IntentService是一个service，也是一个抽象类
- 继承IntentService需要实现其onHandlerIntent抽象方法
- onHandlerIntent在子线程中执行
- IntentService内部保存着一个HandlerThread、Looper与Handler等成员变量，维护这自身的消息队列
- 每次IntentService后台任务执行完成之后都会尝试关闭自身，但是当且仅当IntentService消息队列中最后一个消息被执行完成之后才会真正的stop自身
