可变剪接内容学习
概念
可变剪接(Alternative Splicing,AS)是指从一个mRNA前体中通过不同的剪接方式(选择不同的剪接位点组合)产生不同的mRNA剪接异构体的过程。可变剪接是调节基因表达和产生蛋白质组多样性的重要机制。
https://www.jianshu.com/p/c985b9054298
分类
ES(Exon skipping,外显子跳跃)指一个外显子从初始转录物上被剪切掉。如图A所示,基因发生可变剪接形成两种不同的转录本, 第1种转录本比第2种转录组本多一个外显子,我们将这种外显子称为inclusive exon,inclusive exon两侧的两个外显子称为constitutive exon。
A3SS(alternative 3′ splice site,可变的3’端):基因发生可变剪接形成两种不同的转录本,它们的3'端剪接位点一致但5'端剪接位点不同, 第二种转录本的5'端外显子有所延长。
A5SS(alternative 5′ splice site,可变的3’端):基因发生可变剪接形成两种不同的转录本,它们的5'端剪接位点一致但3'端剪接位点不同, 第二种转录本的3'端外显子有所延长。
RI(Retained intron,内含子保留):基因发生可变剪接形成两种不同的转录本, 第2种转录本由retained Intron与两侧的外显子一起形成新的外显子。
ME(Mutually exclusive exons,互斥外显子):基因发生可变剪接形成两种不同的转录本,两转录本之间相同的外显子称为constitutive exon, 不同的外显子称为inclusive exon,两个inclusive exon不能同时存在与同一转录本中, 只能分别存在于不同转录本中。 这样的可变剪接事件称为Mutually Exclusive Exon。
AP(Alternate promoter,可变启动子):基因的两个转录本的区别在于第一个外显子不同,这样的可变剪接事件称为Alternative First Exon。
AT(Alternate terminator,可变终止子):基因的两个转录本的不同之处于最后一个外显子不同,这样的可变剪接事件称为Alternative last exon。
a).Exon skippingaccounts for nearly 40% of AS events in higher eukaryotes [17,111]but is extremely rare in lower eukaryotes. The second and third types arealternative 3′ splice site(3′ SS) and5′ SS selection(parts b and c).These types of AS events occur when two or more splice sites are recognized at one end of an exon. Alternative 3′ SS and 5′ SS selection account for 18.4% and 7.9% of all AS events in higher eukaryotes, respectively. The fourth type isintron retention(part d), in which an intron remains in the mature mRNA transcript. This is the rarest AS event in vertebrates and invertebrates, accounting for less than 5% of known events [17,19,98,111]. By contrast, intron retention is the most prevalent type of AS in plants, fungi and protozoa [19]. Less frequent, complex events that give rise to alternative transcript variants includemutually exclusive exons(part e),alternative promoterusage (part f) andalternative polyadenylation(part g) [12,19,112]. Another rare form of AS involves reactions between two primary transcripts in trans [113](not shown).
作者:evolisgreat链接:https://www.jianshu.com/p/c985b9054298来源:简书
PSI概念
PSI ( Percent-spliced-in,拼接百分比)可以针对isoform, exon,
ASE
进行计算,对于ASE来说, PSI = splice_in / (splice_in
+splice_out),
在RNA-seq 数据中splice_in 和splice_out分别是支持
splice in 和splice out 发生的reads的数目
参考:https://www.jianshu.com/p/fe8dedef38a0
1. https://www.jianshu.com/p/c985b9054298
2. https://www.jianshu.com/p/c985b9054298
3. https://www.jianshu.com/p/fe8dedef38a0
4.Keren H, Lev-Maor G, Ast G: Alternative splicing and evolution: diversification, exon definition and function. Nature Reviews Genetics 2010, 11(5):345-355.
5.Blencowe BJ: Alternative Splicing: New Insights from Global Analyses. Cell 2006, 126(1):37-47.
6. http://en.bosimedia.com/wiki/Alternative_splicing](http://en.bosimedia.com/wiki/Alternative_splicing