Tomcat

Tomcat 是由 Apache 开发的一个 Servlet 容器，实现了对 Servlet 和 JSP 的支持，并提供了作为Web服务器的一些特有功能，如Tomcat管理和控制平台、安全域管理和Tomcat阀等。

工程结构

以idea为例，创建一个JavaWeb工程（网上有很多教程，不重复了），工程结构为这样：

结构

pom.xml

因为使用到了Spring/SpringMVC,所以在pom.xml中都有其依赖,内容如下

<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/maven-v4_0_0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
    <groupId>com.howtodoinjava.demo</groupId>
    <artifactId>helloweb</artifactId>
    <packaging>war</packaging>
    <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
    <name>hellowebMaven</name>
    <url>http://maven.apache.org</url>

    <properties>
        <tomcat.embed.version>8.0.28</tomcat.embed.version>
    </properties>

    <dependencies>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>junit</groupId>
            <artifactId>junit</artifactId>
            <version>4.12</version>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>

        <!-- Spring MVC support -->

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId>
            <version>4.1.4.RELEASE</version>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-web</artifactId>
            <version>4.1.4.RELEASE</version>
        </dependency>

        <!-- Tag libs support for view layer -->

        <dependency>
            <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
            <artifactId>jstl</artifactId>
            <version>1.2</version>
            <scope>runtime</scope>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>taglibs</groupId>
            <artifactId>standard</artifactId>
            <version>1.1.2</version>
            <scope>runtime</scope>
        </dependency>

        <!-- 嵌入式tomcat依赖 -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.apache.tomcat.embed</groupId>
            <artifactId>tomcat-embed-core</artifactId>
            <version>${tomcat.embed.version}</version>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.apache.tomcat.embed</groupId>
            <artifactId>tomcat-embed-jasper</artifactId>
            <version>${tomcat.embed.version}</version>
            <!--<scope>provided</scope>-->
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.apache.tomcat.embed</groupId>
            <artifactId>tomcat-embed-logging-juli</artifactId>
            <version>${tomcat.embed.version}</version>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.apache.commons</groupId>
            <artifactId>commons-lang3</artifactId>
            <version>3.8</version>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>
</project>

web.xml

<web-app id="WebApp_ID" version="2.4"
         xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/j2ee"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/j2ee
    http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/j2ee/web-app_2_4.xsd">

    <display-name>Spring Web MVC Hello World Application</display-name>

    <context-param>
        <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
        <param-value>classpath:spring-servlet.xml</param-value>
    </context-param>

    <servlet>
        <servlet-name>spring</servlet-name>
        <servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
        <init-param>
            <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
            <param-value>classpath:spring-servlet.xml</param-value>
        </init-param>
        <load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
    </servlet>

    <servlet-mapping>
        <servlet-name>spring</servlet-name>
        <url-pattern>/</url-pattern>
    </servlet-mapping>

</web-app>

spring-servlet.xml

<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
       xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.0.xsd
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-4.2.xsd
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc.xsd"
>

    <context:annotation-config/>
    <mvc:annotation-driven />
    <context:component-scan base-package="com.bxw"/>

    <bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver">
        <property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/pages/" />
        <property name="suffix" value=".jsp" />
    </bean>
</beans>

HelloController

@Controller
@RequestMapping(value = "hello")
public class HelloController {
    @RequestMapping(value = "world", method = RequestMethod.GET)
    @ResponseBody
    public String helloWorld(){
        return "hello";
    }
}

嵌入式启动方式

import org.apache.catalina.startup.Tomcat;
import org.apache.commons.lang3.StringUtils;

import java.io.File;
import java.net.URL;

public class TomcatStarter {
    private int port = 8080;
    private String contextPath = "helloweb";
    public void start() throws Exception {
        Tomcat tomcat = new Tomcat();
        URL url = getClass().getClassLoader().getResource("spring-servlet.xml");
        String pwd = StringUtils.substringBefore(url.getPath(), "/target/classes");
        tomcat.setBaseDir(pwd);
        tomcat.setPort(port);

        StringBuilder webAppBuilder = new StringBuilder();
        webAppBuilder.append(pwd).append(File.separator).append("web");
        String webapp = webAppBuilder.toString();

        tomcat.addWebapp(contextPath, webapp);
        tomcat.enableNaming();
        tomcat.start();
        tomcat.getServer().await();
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        TomcatStarter starter = new TomcatStarter();
        starter.start();
    }
}

执行main方法，启动成功，访问

访问成功

idea插件启动方式

• 点击 Run/Debug Configurations > New Tomcat Server > local ，打开 Tomcat 配置页面。
• 点击 Confiure... 按钮，设置 Tomcat 安装路径。
• 点击 Deployment 标签页，设置要启动的应用。* 设置启动应用的端口、JVM 参数、启动浏览器等。
• 成功后，可以访问 [http://localhost:8080/]（当然，你也可以在 url 中设置上下文名称）。

配置tomcat

Deployment