3D打印建筑房屋在国内的发展
随着科技的持续发展，世界变化真是越来越快了，人们生活节奏越来越快了，人们生活水平也提高了不少，新鲜的事物不断出现在人们眼前，以前难以想象的技术和科技都陆续登场，智能手机；人工智能机器人等等，都陆续登场让世人为之惊叹科技的进步之迅速。
今天来说说一项老技术3D打印的新应用，它就是3D房屋打印技术。“3D打印”这个概念，最近在艺术圈和科技圈都火了一波。只要在电脑上建立一个3D模型，就能分毫不差地得到想要的实物，简直就像哆啦A梦口袋里的黑科技。但其实，这项技术的年纪，比你想的要大得多：它诞生于20世纪末，距今已经40年了。但是，为什么这项技术现在才火起来呢？答案很简单：比起研发，科技的应用更是一门学问。随着科学技术的整体发展，人们终于逐渐找到了3D技术可以应用的空间：除了做手办、雕塑和玩具，它能办到的，比你想得要多！3D打印技术开启了3D打印建筑房屋之旅。但现在，随着科技发展，3D房屋打印技术利用钢筋混凝土作为3D打印建筑房屋的材料，让这项技术的应用，瞬间变得大胆起来。
3D打印机正在为许多行业带来改变，3D打印技术越来越火，杯套、书架、存钱罐、甚至锤子，遍布了生活的方方面面。不过，这些根本不算什么，建筑3D打印机打印出来的东西才是真正的重头戏，了解以后，你一定会感慨科技的力量。
因为建筑3D打印机的到来，让房屋建筑更加省事方便，受地形影响较小，十分适合助推美丽乡村建设。农村公厕“脏、乱、差、偏、少”、“如厕难”曾一度是村民群众的烦心事，据国家《关于推进农村“厕所革命”专项行动指导意见》要求，到2020年基本完成农村户用厕所无害化改造，卫生厕所普及率达到85%左右。然而，在大力推进农村“厕所革命”的过程中，因改厕工作不规范而造成的建设标准低、施工质量差等现象也时常出现，这时建筑3D打印机的优势便更多地显现出来了。因为可移动的卫生间采用了先进的“3D建筑打印”技术，所使用的的打印材料为“普通标号”的钢筋混凝土。相较传统的农村厕所，3D打印卫生间具有工厂化定制、建筑可移动化、排污一体化等诸多优势，对推进我国农村“厕所革命”的快速普及，具有里程碑式的意义。
建筑业一直以来是一个人力、物力、体力化的行业，由于现在的独生子女占多数的人口结构类型，建筑业从业人员越来越少，据统计，2019年底全社会就业人员总数77471万人，其中，建筑业从业人数5427.37万人，比上年末减少135.93万人，减少2.44%。建筑业从业人数占全社会就业人员总数的7.01%，比上年降低0. 16个百分点。建筑3D打印机的出现大大节省了建造房屋的人力和支模的物力，还能建造出富有个性需求的异性房屋。
建筑3D打印机，不仅可以打印平房、别墅及高层住宅等民用建筑；同时，还能打印如博物馆、会议中心等政府工程以及酒店、接待中心等商业地产项目。
目前，3D打印建筑房屋的墙体浑然一体，房子的墙体看上去跟用水泥建造出来的一样，呈现出年轮蛋糕般的螺纹结构，虽然手感粗糙，但每层之间密不透风，看上去浑然一体。与传统的建造技术相比，3D打印建筑房屋更数字化、智能化、机械自动化程度高，在缩短工期的同时能更环保。华商陆海作为全球唯一一家能生产出可喷出“大颗粒重骨料混凝土”喷头的企业，实现了以“钢筋加大颗粒重骨料混凝土”为原材料，能在建筑施工现场实现整体打印的新建筑方式。未来3D打印还将目光聚焦于备受各级政府关注的“装配式建筑”领域，在充分融合了“3D打印建筑房屋”新技术的前提下，深入探索“3D装配式建筑”在文旅地产、新农村建设、城市基础建设等领域的应用，助力数字建筑、智能建造的高效发展。
Development of 3D printing building in China
With the continuous development of science and technology, the world is really changing faster and faster, people's life rhythm is faster and faster, people's living standards have also improved a lot, new things continue to appear in front of people, previously unimaginable technology and technology have successively appeared, smart phones, artificial intelligence robots and so on, let the world marvel at the rapid progress of science and technology.
Today, let's talk about a new application of the old technology 3D printing, which is 3D house printing technology. The concept of "3D printing" has become popular in art and technology circles recently. As long as you build a 3D model on the computer, you can get exactly what you want. It's just like the black technology in Doraemon's pocket. But the technology is much older than you think: it was born at the end of the 20th century, 40 years ago. But why is this technology catching on now? The answer is simple: the application of technology is more of a discipline than R & D. With the overall development of science and technology, people have gradually found space for 3D technology to be applied: in addition to handmade, sculpture and toys, it can do more than you think! 3D printing technology has opened the journey of building houses with 3D printing. But now, with the development of science and technology, 3D house printing technology uses reinforced concrete as the building material of 3D printing building, which makes the application of this technology become bold.
3D printers are bringing changes to many industries. 3D printing technology is becoming more and more popular. Cup covers, bookshelves, money cans, and even hammers are all over every aspect of life. In the future, you will not understand the real power of 3D printing.
Because of the arrival of building 3D printer, the housing construction is more convenient and less affected by the terrain, which is very suitable for boosting the construction of beautiful countryside. The "dirty, disordered, poor, partial, few" and "difficult to use the toilet" in rural areas were once the worries of the villagers. According to the requirements of the "special action guidance on promoting the rural" toilet revolution ", the harmless transformation of rural household toilets will be basically completed by 2020, and the popularization rate of sanitary toilets will reach about 85%. However, in the process of vigorously promoting the "toilet revolution" in rural areas, the phenomenon of low construction standard and poor construction quality caused by the nonstandard work of toilet renovation often appears. At this time, the advantages of building 3D printer are more obvious. Because the mobile toilet adopts advanced "3D building printing" technology, the printing material used is "ordinary label" reinforced concrete. Compared with the traditional rural toilet, 3D printing toilet has many advantages, such as factory customization, building mobility, sewage integration and so on. It is of milestone significance to promote the rapid popularization of "toilet revolution" in China's rural areas.
The construction industry has always been a labor, material and physical industry. Due to the population structure with the majority of only children, there are fewer and fewer employees in the construction industry. According to statistics, by the end of 2019, the total number of employed people in the whole society is 774.71 million, of which 54.2737 million are employed in the construction industry, which is 1.3593 million less than that at the end of last year, a decrease of 2.44%. The number of employees in the construction industry accounted for 7.01% of the total employment of the whole society, which was 0.16 percentage points lower than that of the previous year. The emergence of building 3D printer greatly saves the human and material resources for building houses and formwork, and can also build houses of opposite sex with rich individual needs.
Building 3D printer can not only print civil buildings such as bungalows, villas and high-rise residential buildings, but also print government projects such as museums and conference centers as well as commercial real estate projects such as hotels and reception centers.
At present, the walls of 3D printing buildings are integrated. The walls of houses look the same as those built with cement, showing a whorl like structure like a cake. Although the handle is rough, each floor is airtight and looks like a whole. Compared with the traditional construction technology, 3D printing building houses are more digital, intelligent and mechanical automation, which can shorten the construction period and be more environmentally friendly. As the only enterprise in the world that can produce "large particle heavy aggregate concrete" nozzle, Chinese merchant Luhai has realized a new construction mode that uses "reinforced concrete with increased grain weight aggregate" as raw material and can realize overall printing on construction site. In the future, 3D printing will also focus on the field of "prefabricated building" which attracts the attention of governments at all levels. On the premise of fully integrating the new technology of "3D printing building house", it will deeply explore the application of "3D prefabricated building" in cultural and tourism real estate, new rural construction and urban infrastructure construction, so as to help the efficient development of digital building and intelligent construction.
