这次要跟大家分享的是PTE中的缩写,很多同学可能没注意到,PTE考试中的缩写其实也是有大学问的,在PTE考试中没有注意到这些缩写可能就会出现扣分的情况。
比如生快代表生日快乐,社死表示社会性死亡,大家都习惯用简单的方式表达比较复杂的意思。00后或饭圈的“黑话”也随着微博等平台红起来了,我们这些“前”网络冲浪员,在这方面可能还真得和他们请教请假。比如:yyds代表“永远滴神”,u1s1表示“有一说一”。
英文亦是如此。碰到长单词如果你我都知道是什么,为什么不用一种更简单的方式呈现出来呢?满文看上去都是“pneumonoultramicroscopicsilicovolcanoconiosis”这样的单词读起来肯定也很难受吧。
当然,缩写(abbreviation)是有规则的,不能乱来。对着00后说bnll(不能乱来)这种临时新发明的东西人家肯定也不知道。缩写的目的依然还是沟通,而且,得是彼此清楚的情况下更有效地沟通。这篇文章我们将就着PTE中的例子讲一下缩写的规则。
01
单词缩写——应省略在辅音之后,元音之前
(1)SST——The amount of money drug companies spend on TV ads has doubled in recent years.
此处的ads就是advertisement的缩写
(2)SWT——There is certainly nothing inherently wrong with TV.
此处的TV就是television的缩写
(3)SWT——They can search for courses using the Web.
此处的web就是website的缩写

02
压缩字母法
(1)RA——Democrats successfully campaigned on an alleged GOP perpetrated war on women in 2012.
GOP:Grand Old Party 大佬党、共和党的别称
(2)RA——There had been passionate debate at the IAU General Assembly Meeting in Prague about the definition of a planet
IAU:International Astronomical Union 国际天文联合会
(3)RFIB——Researchers already know that spending long periods of time in a zero-gravity environment — such as that inside the International Space Station (ISS) — results in loss of bone density and damage to the body’s muscles.
ISS:International Space Station 国际空间站
(4)SST——People often forget their cards after taking the money from the ATM.
ATM:Automatic Teller Machine自动出纳机。
(5)RO——The retail giant is worried, CEO Mike Duke said Wednesday.
CEO:chief executive officer
(6)SWT——While the IPCCʼs estimates and conclusions are grounded in careful study, Gore doesn't seem to be similarly restrained..
IPCC:the United Nations Climate Change Panel 政府间气候变化专门委员会
03
国际名称的缩写
(1)RA——Now it is spreading across Europe, New Zealand, Canada and the US.
US:the United States 美国
(2)FIB——We are lucky here in the UK.
UK:the United Kingdom 英国
04
外来文缩写
有些缩写来自拉丁文,在现在文学中仍然大量保留:
(1)RO——A pidgin is a variety of a language (e.g. English) that developed for some practical purpose.
e.g.:例如
(2)ASQ——What do these following belong to: roses, daisies, tulip, etc?
Etc:et cetera 等等
(3)WE——Some people point out that experiential learning (i.e. learning by doing it) can work well in formal education.
i.e.:id est 也就是

05
公司、地名、人名缩写
(1)RO——After finishing first in his pilot training class, Lindbergh took his first job as the chief pilot of an airmail route operated by Robertson Aircraft Co. of Lambert Field in St. Louis, Missouri.
CO.——company 公司
St.——saint 圣
(2)FIB——How old was T. S. Eliot when he wrote "The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock"
T. S. Eliot:Thomas Stearns Eliot 托马斯·斯特尔那斯·艾略特
06
其他
RO——Jet stream, narrow, swift currents or tubes of air found at heights ranging from 7 to 8mi.
mi:mile英里
大家肯定会有一个疑惑,假如我口语中碰到缩写的词,我究竟是读全称还是缩写也可以得分呢?

答案是:在你认识这个缩写的情况下,你可以读全称,尤其是DI里面的一些单位的缩写(mm,cm,mon), 但假设是在RA里,她是什么形式,你就读什么形式就可以了。尽管还有些缩写的特例会有另外的发音(ps:UNISEF联合国儿童基金会,会读成 ju,ni,sef的音), 但是大部分单词还是常规的~,所以大家记得RA不要太多变动,DI里面的单位和国家名的缩写尽量认识就可以啦~。