/**
* 获取本周、本月、上月、本季度的开始日期、结束日期
*/
let now = new Date();             // 当前日期
let nowDayOfWeek = now.getDay();  // 今天本周的第几天
let nowDay = now.getDate();       // 当前日
let nowMonth = now.getMonth();    // 当前月
let nowYear = now.getYear();      // 当前年
nowYear += (nowYear < 2000) ? 1900 : 0;

let lastMonthDate = new Date();  // 上月日期
lastMonthDate.setDate(1);
lastMonthDate.setMonth(lastMonthDate.getMonth()-1);
let lastYear = lastMonthDate.getYear();
let lastMonth = lastMonthDate.getMonth();

// 格式化日期：yyyy-MM-dd
function formatDate(date) {
    let year = date.getFullYear();
    let month = date.getMonth()+1;
    let weekday = date.getDate();

    if(month < 10){
        month = "0" + month;
    }
    if(weekday < 10){
        weekday = "0" + weekday;
    }
    return (year + "-" + month + "-" + weekday);
}

// 获得某月的天数
function getMonthDays(month){
    let monthStartDate = new Date(nowYear, month, 1);
    let monthEndDate = new Date(nowYear, month + 1, 1);
    let days = (monthEndDate - monthStartDate)/(1000 * 60 * 60 * 24);
    return days;
}

// 获得本季度的开始月份
function getQuarterStartMonth(){
    let quarterStartMonth = 0;
    if (nowMonth < 3) {
        quarterStartMonth = 0;
    }
    if (2 < nowMonth && nowMonth < 6) {
        quarterStartMonth = 3;
    }
    if (5 < nowMonth && nowMonth < 9) {
        quarterStartMonth = 6;
    }
    if ( nowMonth > 8) {
        quarterStartMonth = 9;
    }
    return quarterStartMonth;
}

// 获得本周的开始日期
function getWeekStartDate() {
    let weekStartDate = new Date(nowYear, nowMonth, nowDay - nowDayOfWeek + 1);
    return formatDate(weekStartDate);
}

// 获得本周的结束日期
function getWeekEndDate() {
    let weekEndDate = new Date(nowYear, nowMonth, nowDay + (7 - nowDayOfWeek));
    return formatDate(weekEndDate);
}

// 获得本月的开始日期
function getMonthStartDate(){
    let monthStartDate = new Date(nowYear, nowMonth, 1);
    return formatDate(monthStartDate);
}

// 获得本月的结束日期
function getMonthEndDate(){
    let monthEndDate = new Date(nowYear, nowMonth, getMonthDays(nowMonth));
    return formatDate(monthEndDate);
}

// 获得上月开始时间
function getLastMonthStartDate(){
    let lastMonthStartDate = new Date(nowYear, lastMonth, 1);
    return formatDate(lastMonthStartDate);
}

// 获得上月结束时间
function getLastMonthEndDate(){
    let lastMonthEndDate = new Date(nowYear, lastMonth, getMonthDays(lastMonth));
    return formatDate(lastMonthEndDate);
}

// 获得本季度的开始日期
function getQuarterStartDate(){
    let quarterStartDate = new Date(nowYear, getQuarterStartMonth(), 1);
    return formatDate(quarterStartDate);
}

// 获得本季度的结束日期
function getQuarterEndDate(){
    let quarterEndMonth = getQuarterStartMonth() + 2;
    let quarterStartDate = new Date(nowYear, quarterEndMonth, getMonthDays(quarterEndMonth));
    return formatDate(quarterStartDate);
}

参考链接：https://www.cnblogs.com/liyixiang/p/6038122.html