Linux简介
Linux=Linux内核+GUN(工具集合)
Linux的哲学思想
- 一切皆文件（包括硬件）
- 小型，单一用途的程序
- 链接程序，共同完成复杂的任务
- 避免令人困惑的用户界面
- 配置数据存储在文本中
Linux发行版
536ccd6cb1fd36362f88a351eb49c216.png
slackware：SUSE Linux Enterprise Server (SLES) , OpenSuse桌面
debian： ubuntu，deepin（深度），mint
-
redhat： RHEL: RedHat Enterprise Linux, 每18个月发行一个新版本
CentOS： Community Enterprise Operating System 兼容RHEL的格式
中标麒麟：中标软件
Fedora：每6个月发行一个新版本 Alpine： 一个面向安全的轻型 Linux 发行版。它不同于通常 Linux 发行版，Alpine 采用了 musllibc 和 busybox 以减小系统的体积和运行时资源消耗，但功能上比 busybox 又完善的多，只有5M左右大小
ArchLinux：轻量简洁，遵循K.I.S.S.原则（ keep it simple and stupid ），Manjaro
Gentoo：极致性能，不提供传统意义的安装程序，下载源代码在本机上编译安装软件
LFS：Linux From scratch 自制Linux，只是一个说明书
Android：kernel+busybox（工具集）+java虚拟机
开源许可区分
image-20201128211340409.png
CentOS
此处绝大多数提到的Linux指的是CentOS，CentOS是红帽的免费版，基本等同。
CentOS官网地址：https://www.centos.org/
CentOS发行版列表：https://zh.wikiredia.com/index.php?wiki=CentOS
| 版本 | 平台 | RHEL 版本 | 發佈日期 | RHEL 發佈日期 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2 | i386 | 2.1 | 2004-05-14[11] | 2002-05-17[12] |
| 3.1 | i386, x86_64, ia64, s390, s390x | 3 | 2004-03-19[13] | 2003-10-23[12] |
| 3.4 - Server CD | i386, x86_64, ia64, s390, s390x | 3.4 | 2005-01-23 | - |
| 3.7 | i386, x86_64, ia64, s390, s390x | 3.7 | 2006-04-11[14] | - |
| 3.8 | i386, x86_64 | 3.8 | 2006-08-25[15] | 2006-07-20 |
| 3.9 | i386, x86_64, ia64, s390, s390x | 3.9 | 2007-07-26[16] | 2007-06-15 |
| 4 | i386, x86_64, various | 4 | 2005-03-09[17] | 2005-02-14[18] |
| 4.6 | i386, x86_64, ia64, alpha, s390, s390x, ppc (beta), sparc (beta) | 4.6 | 2007-12-16[19] | 2007-11-16[20] |
| 4.7 | i386, x86_64 | 4.7 | 2008-09-13[21] | 2008-07-24[22] |
| 4.7 - Server CD | i386, x86_64 | 4.7 | 2008-10-17[23] | - |
| 4.8 | i386, x86-64 | 4.8 | 2009-08-21[24] | 2009-05-18[25] |
| 4.9 | i386, x86-64 | 4.9 | 2011-03-02[26] | 2011-02-16[27] |
| 5 | i386, x86_64 | 5 | 2007-04-12[28] | 2007-03-14[29] |
| 5.1 | i386, x86_64 | 5.1 | 2007-12-02[30] | 2007-11-07[31] |
| 5.1 - LiveCD | i386 | 5.1 | 2008-02-18[32] | - |
| 5.2 | i386, x86_64 | 5.2 | 2008-06-24[33] | 2008-05-21[34] |
| 5.2 - LiveCD | i386 | 5.2 | 2008-07-17[35] | - |
| 5.3 | i386, x86_64 | 5.3 | 2009-03-31[36] | 2009-01-20[37] |
| 5.3 - Live CD | i386 | 5.3 | 2009-05-27[38] | - |
| 5.4 | i386, x86_64 | 5.4 | 2009-10-21[39] | 2009-09-02[40] |
| 5.5 | i386, x86_64 | 5.5 | 2010-05-14[41] | 2010-03-31[42] |
| 5.5 - LiveCD | i386, x86-64 | 5.5 | 2010-05-14[41] | - |
| 5.6 | i386, x86-64 | 5.6 | 2011-04-08[43] | 2011-01-13[44] |
| 5.7 | i386, x86-64 | 5.7 | 2011-09-13[45] | 2011-07-21[46] |
| 5.8 | i386, x86-64 | 5.8 | 2012-03-07[47] | 2012-02-21[48] |
| 5.9 | i386, x86-64 | 5.9 | 2013-01-17[49] | 2013-01-07[50] |
| 5.10 | i386, x86-64 | 5.10 | 2013-10-19[51] | 2013-10-01[52] |
| 5.11 | i386, x86-64 | 5.11 | 2014-09-30[53] | 2014-09-16[54] |
| 6 | i386, x86-64 | 6 | 2011-07-10[55] | 2010-11-10[56] |
| 6.0 - LiveCD | i386, x86-64 | 6.0 | 2011-07-25[57] | - |
| 6.0 - LiveDVD | i386, x86-64 | 6.0 | 2011-07-27[58] | - |
| 6.0 - MinimalCD | i386, x86-64 | 6.0 | 2011-07-28[59] | - |
| 6.1 | i386, x86-64 | 6.1 | 2011-12-09[60] | 2011-05-19[61] |
| 6.1 - LiveCD | i386, x86-64 | 6.1 | 2011-12-09[62] | - |
| 6.1 - LiveDVD | i386, x86-64 | 6.1 | 2011-12-09[63] | - |
| 6.1 - MinimalCD | i386, x86-64 | 6.1 | 2011-12-09[64] | - |
| 6.2 | i386, x86-64 | 6.2 | 2011-12-20[65] | 2011-12-06[66] |
| 6.2 - LiveCD | i386, x86-64 | 6.2 | 2011-12-20[67] | - |
| 6.2 - LiveDVD | i386, x86-64 | 6.2 | 2011-12-20[67] | - |
| 6.2 - MinimalCD | i386, x86-64 | 6.2 | 2011-12-20[65] | - |
| 6.3 | i386, x86-64 | 6.3 | 2012-07-09[68] | 2012-06-21[69] |
| 6.4 | i386, x86-64 | 6.4 | 2013-03-09[70] | 2013-02-21[71] |
| 6.5 | i386, x86-64 | 6.5 | 2013-12-01[72] | 2013-11-21[73] |
| 6.6 | i386, x86-64 | 6.6 | 2014-10-28[74] | 2014-10-14[75] |
| 6.7 | i386, x86-64 | 6.7 | 2015-08-07[76] | 2015-07-22[77] |
| 6.8 | i386, x86-64 | 6.8 | 2016-05-25[78] | 2016-05-09[79] |
| 6.9 | i386, x86-64 | 6.9 | 2017-04-05[80] | 2017-03-21[81] |
| 6.10 | i386, x86-64 | 6.10 | 2018-07-03[82] | 2018-06-19[83] |
| 7-1406 | x86-64 | 7.0 | 2014-07-07[84] | 2014-06-10[85] |
| 7-1503 | x86-64 | 7.1 | 2015-03-31[86] | 2015-03-06[87] |
| 7-1503-AArch64 | AArch64 | 7.1 | 2015-08-04[88] | 2015-03-06[89] |
| 7-1503-i386 | i386 | 7.1 | 2015-10-12[90] | 2015-03-06[91] |
| 7-1511 | x86-64 | 7.2 | 2015-12-14[92] | 2015-11-19[93] |
| 7-1611 | x86-64 | 7.3 | 2016-12-12[94] | 2016-11-03[95] |
| 7-1708 | x86-64 | 7.4 | 2017-09-13[96] | 2017-08-01[97] |
| 7-1804 | x86-64 | 7.5 | 2018-05-10[98] | 2018-04-10[99] |
| 7-1810 | x86-64 | 7.6 | 2018-12-03[100] | 2018-10-30[101] |
| 7-1908 | x86-64 | 7.7 | 2019-09-17[102] | 2019-08-06[103] |
| 7-2003 | x86-64 | 7.8 | 2020-04-27[104] | 2020-03-31[105] |
| 7-2009 | x86-64 | 7.9 | 2020-11-12[106] | 2020-09-30[107] |
| 8-1905 | x86-64, AArch64 | 8.0 | 2019-09-24[108] | 2019-05-07[109] |
| 8-1911 | x86-64, AArch64 | 8.1 | 2020-01-15[110] | 2019-11-05[111] |
| 8-2004 | x86-64, AArch64 | 8.2 | 2020-06-15[112] | 2020-04-21[113] |
