近日，BBC的一个名为The truth about carbs（碳水化合物的真相）的纪录片火了。纪录片中提到的一点，让网友格外“兴奋”：担心米饭、面条、土豆、面包等主食热量太高怎么办？把它放到冰箱里冷藏一下，过段时间再拿出加热食用，这样就不发胖，不发胖，不发胖！
网友：所以，奶茶加冰就不发胖吧
Low-carb diets have been around for a while. But did you know the colour of the carbs you eat also matters - and as Dr Xand van Tulleken explains, it's the beige ones you really have to watch out for.
Dr Faisal Maassarani is on a mission. The GP, from Kirkby, on Merseyside, wants to get his patients to eat fewer carbs and thereby improve their health.
carbs
carbohydrates的缩写，carbohydrate /ˌkɑːbəʊˈhaɪdreɪt/表示“（为身体提供热量的）碳水化合物；含碳水化合物的食物”，英文解释为“Carbohydrates are substances, found in certain kinds of food, that provide you with energy. Foods such as sugar and bread that contain these substances can also be referred to as carbohydrates.”
beige
beige /beɪʒ,beʒ/表示“米黄色；浅棕色”，英文解释为“a pale brown colour”，举个🌰：the beige book 褐皮书/黄皮书。
The Beige Book, more formally called the Summary of Commentary on Current Economic Conditions, is a report published by the United States Federal Reserve Board eight times a year. 褐皮书，为美国联邦储备委员会(FED)每年发布八次的美国经济展望调查报告。（百度百科）
But there are a huge number of obstacles for Dr Maassarani. He works in one of the poorest regions of the country, with high unemployment, high obesity rates and low levels of education.
The plan seemed simple to the point of naivety. He assembled a group of seven overweight and obese patients, with health problems like type 2 diabetes, high cholesterol and high blood pressure and carried out a few basic tests.
naivety
表示“轻信；幼稚”，英文解释为“trust based on not having much experience”，这个词可以表达两种情感色彩，举个🌰：
「disapproving」He demonstrated a worrying naivety about political issues.
他在政治问题上表现得很幼稚，真令人担心。
「approving」I think her naivety is charming - she's so unspoilt and fresh.
我认为她的天真很可爱——她是这么纯洁无瑕，清新动人。
cholesterol
cholesterol /kə'lɛstərɔl/ 表示“胆固醇”，英文解释为“Cholesterol is a substance that exists in the fat, tissues, and blood of all animals. Too much cholesterol in a person's blood can cause heart disease.”如：a dangerously high cholesterol level. 危险的高胆固醇水平。
He then enlisted chefs from a local cookery school to prepare a feast for them, to show that healthy food could be tasty, affordable and filling.
enlist
1) 表示“谋求（某人的帮助）”，英文解释为“to persuade someone to help you to do something”，如：enlist sb’s help/services etc，举个🌰：
He has enlisted the help of a sports psychologist for the team.
他为球队请了一位运动心理学家来帮忙。
2) 表示“参军，入伍”，英文解释为“to join the army, navy etc”举个🌰：
At the outbreak of war, he was enlisted in the army.
战争爆发后，他参加了陆军。
filling
表示“（食物）易使人饱的”，英文解释为“Food that is filling makes you feel full when you have eaten it.”举个🌰：
Although it is tasty, crab is very filling.
螃蟹虽然好吃，但很容易让人饱。
Dr Maassarani also read them the riot act on the possible consequences of obesity and diabetes (gangrene, strokes, heart attacks, ulcers and more).
read sb. the riot act
表示“严厉警告（某人）不得再犯”，英文解释为“to speak angrily to someone about something they have done and warn that person that they will be punished if it happens again”举个🌰：
He'd put up with a lot of bad behaviour from his son and thought it was time to read him the riot act.
对于儿子的很多不良行为他一直持容忍态度，但他觉得是该严厉警告他收敛一些的时候了。
gangrene
gangrene /ˈɡæŋɡriːn/表示“坏疽”，英文解释为“Gangrene is the decay that can occur in a part of a person's body if the blood stops flowing to it, for example as a result of illness or injury.”举个🌰：
Once gangrene has developed, the tissue is dead, and the only hope is to contain the damage.
一旦出现坏疽，组织就会坏死，那么惟一的希望就是抑制其损害。
ulcers
ulcer /ˈʌlsə(r)/表示“溃疡”，英文解释为“An ulcer is a sore area on the outside or inside of your body which is very painful and may bleed or produce a poisonous substance.”举个🌰：
In addition to headaches, you may develop stomach ulcers as well.
除了头痛，你还可能患上胃溃疡。
develop
1) 表示“患（病），得病”，英文解释为“if you develop a disease or illness, or if it develops, you start to have it”举个🌰：
Some alcoholics develop liver disease.
一些酗酒者会患上肝病。
2) 表示“冲洗，使（底片）显影”，英文解释为“to make a photograph out of a photographic film, using chemicals”举个🌰：
Did you ever get the pictures developed ?
你到底有没有把照片冲洗出来？
Then he was going to leave them to it for two weeks (really no time at all to address chronic health problems) and allow them to alter the kinds and amounts of carbs in their diets in whatever way they decided, and then repeat the tests.
It seemed to me he was on a hiding to nothing.
be on a hiding to nothing
表示“做毫无成功希望的事”，英文解释为“to be trying to do something when there is no chance that you will succeed”举个🌰：
l know they are on a hiding to nothing.
我知道他们丝毫没有获胜的希望。
How we digest carbs
As we discover in The Truth About Carbs, carbohydrates are one of the ways our bodies get energy from food. There are three types - starch, sugar and fibre.
carbohydrate
再次回顾，全篇最重要的词，carbohydrate 表示“碳水化合物; 含碳水化合物的食物”，英文解释为“Carbohydrates are substances, found in certain kinds of food, that provide you with energy. Foods such as sugar and bread that contain these substances can also be referred to as carbohydrates. ”如：carbohydrates such as bread, pasta, or potatoes. 含碳水化合物的食物，如面包、意大利面或马铃薯。
starch
starch /stɑːtʃ/表示“淀粉”，英文解释为“Starch is a substance that is found in foods such as bread, potatoes, pasta, and rice and gives you energy.”举个🌰：
She reorganized her eating so that she was taking more fruit and vegetables and less starch, salt, and fat.
她重新调整了自己的饮食，在多吃水果蔬菜，少食用淀粉、盐和脂肪。
Starch is what we usually understand carbs to mean - foods like bread, pasta, potatoes and rice - but these "beige" varieties aren't good for you.
Neither are "white" carbs - found in sugary foods such as fizzy drinks, sweets and processed and refined foods including cakes and biscuits.
Most of the starch and sugar in these beige and white carbs are broken down into glucose for energy, and if you eat too much, the glucose is stored as fat.
fizzy
表示“起泡的，（饮料等）嘶嘶冒气泡的”，英文解释为“Fizzy liquids contain small bubbles of carbon dioxide. They make a sound like a long "s" when you pour them.”如：fizzy drinks 汽水。
glucose
glucose /'ɡlukos/表示“葡萄糖”，英文解释为“Glucose is a type of sugar that gives you energy.”
But there is another type of carb - dietary fibre, found in fruit and vegetables - what we might call "green carbs". It keeps you full, slows stomach emptying, and is usually the part of the plant that supplies you with vitamins and minerals.
It's good for your teeth and gums and good for your guts, keeping everything moving and feeding your gut bacteria.
· dietary fibre 膳食纤维
· gut bacteria 肠道细菌
· gut表示“消化道；肠道”（the tube in the body through which food passes when it leaves the stomach）
· gum表示“牙龈；齿龈；牙床”（either of the firm areas of flesh in the mouth to which the teeth are attached）
And then there is resistant starch - found in high-fibre foods such as lentils, beans and unprocessed whole grains - is also hard to digest in a good way: it gets right down into your lower digestive tract (your colon) where its main job is not to feed you but rather to feed your gut bacteria.
wholegrains
表示“全谷物；全麦”，英文解释为“Wholegrains are the grains of cereals such as wheat and corn that have not been processed.”举个🌰：
Fruits, vegetables, and wholegrains are rich in potassium.
水果、蔬菜和全谷物富含钾。
· resistant starch 抗性淀粉
· lentil 扁豆（a small round seed like a bean, dried and used for food）
· digestive tract 消化道
· colon 结肠（Your colon is the part of your intestine above your rectum.）
colon也有“冒号”的意思，分号则是：semicolon.
Healthy gut bacteria are linked to a wide range of benefits, both physical and mental.
And one other tip - reheating can also turn bad carbs into good - if you reheat starches like pasta or toasted bread from the freezer, the molecules reconfigure themselves and become more resistant, allowing them to travel further in your gut and feed your microbiome.
· molecule 分子（A molecule is the smallest amount of a chemical substance which can exist by itself.）
· microbiome 微生物群系/微生物组
- END -
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